OpenNahele: the open Hawaiian forest plot database

Craven, Dylan; Knight, Tiffany M.; Barton, Kasey E.; Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia; Cordell, Susan; Giardina, Christian P.; Gillespie, Thomas W.; Ostertag, Rebecca; Sack, Lawren; Chase, Jonathan M.

doi:10.3897/bdj.6.e28406

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We then removed nonwoody species (e.g., herbaceous or variable) before analysis. We assembled a database containing 517 plots and 104 native and 62 alien species, including trees, shrubs, and tree ferns from publicly available sources and published studies with forest plot data in Hawaii where species identity and size of individuals ≥5-cm diameter at 1.3 m were reported (36). Forest plots range in area from 100 to 1,018 m 2 (median = 1,000 m 2 ) and are unevenly distributed across the main islands of the archipelago (71.4% of all plots are located on Hawai'i Island; Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data supporting the findings of this study are available for download from ref. 36 Beta-diversity (β s ) was calculated multiplicatively using species richness, which highlights contributions of rare species. Beta-diversity was estimated under a sampling scenario ("Age") that controlled for sampling effort and habitat heterogeneity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, we used data on the total number of native and alien woody species, as well as single-island endemic woody species (i.e., the number of species endemic to an island) (31), from the flora of the Hawaiian archipelago (35). Second, we used a database of forest plots collected using similar methods from across the Hawaiian archipelago (36). This database consisted of 517 sampling plots containing 28,844 individuals of 104 native species and 62 alien species ( Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissecting macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of forest biodiversity across the Hawaiian archipelago

Craven

Knight

Barton

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Biodiversity patterns emerge as a consequence of evolutionary and ecological processes. Their relative importance is frequently tested on model ecosystems such as oceanic islands that vary in both. However, the coarse-scale data typically used in biogeographic studies have limited inferential power to separate the effects of historical biogeographic factors (e.g., island age) from the effects of ecological ones (e.g., island area and habitat heterogeneity). Here, we describe local-scale biodiversity patterns of woody plants using a database of more than 500 forest plots from across the Hawaiian archipelago, where these volcanic islands differ in age by several million years. We show that, after controlling for factors such as island area and heterogeneity, the oldest islands (Kaua’i and O’ahu) have greater native species diversity per unit area than younger islands (Maui and Hawai’i), indicating an important role for macroevolutionary processes in driving not just whole-island differences in species diversity, but also local community assembly. Further, we find that older islands have a greater number of rare species that are more spatially clumped (i.e., higher within-island β-diversity) than younger islands. When we included alien species in our analyses, we found that the signal of macroevolutionary processes via island age was diluted. Our approach allows a more explicit test of the question of how macroevolutionary factors shape not just regional-scale biodiversity, but also local-scale community assembly patterns and processes in a model archipelago ecosystem, and it can be applied to disentangle biodiversity drivers in other systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissecting macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of forest biodiversity across the Hawaiian archipelago

Craven

Knight

Barton

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Our analyses were based on a forest plot database with 527 plots including species identity and stem size (in diameter at breast height [1.3 m], DBH) from across the Hawaiian archipelago (Craven et al, 2018). We selected non‐monocot woody species that occurred in at least three plots across the archipelago and included only native and naturalized alien species, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niche properties constrain occupancy but not abundance patterns of native and alien woody species across Hawaiian forests

Craven

Weigelt

Wolkis

et al. 2021

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Islands harbour a disproportionate amount of global plant diversity, yet their unique native assemblages are particularly vulnerable to biological invasions. It is therefore critical to identify the macroecological constraints that mediate spatial distributions of alien species on islands. Here, we examined abundance–occupancy relationships of native and alien woody plant species, and the role of niche properties and functional traits related to dispersal and competition in shaping occupancy and abundance patterns. Location Hawaiian Islands. Methods We calculated relative abundance and occupancy for 64 woody species (42 natives, 22 naturalized aliens), and estimated each species' niche breadth and position. We fitted phylogenetic hierarchical Bayesian models to evaluate abundance–occupancy relationships and the impacts of niche properties and functional traits on occupancy and abundance of native and alien species. Results Our analyses revealed that locally more abundant native species were also more widespread, but that the abundance of alien species was unrelated to their occupancy. Yet, we found evidence that alien species with longer residence times on the Hawaiian Islands were more widespread. While widespread native and alien woody species both had broad niches, widespread alien woody species exhibited a tendency to occur in more marginal niche positions than widespread native woody species. Niche properties did not affect abundances of either native or alien woody species. Traits associated with dispersal capacity and competitive ability had minimal impacts on either occupancy or abundance of native and alien woody species. Conclusions We found that niche properties shape the occupancy but not the abundance of native and alien woody species across Hawaiian forests. Our results suggest that, because of substantial invasion debts, the impacts of alien woody invasions in native forests have yet to fully manifest.

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“…To investigate clinal variation in a tropical foundation tree species, we assessed evidence for local adaptation along a rainfall gradient in Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae), the most widespread and abundant tree in the Hawaiian Islands (Craven et al, 2018). Growing across a broad rainfall gradient spanning from 300 to 9,000 mm mean annual precipitation (Giambelluca et al, 2013;Price et al, 2012), M. polymorpha provides critical habitat to rare and threatened plants, insects, snails and birds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptation constrains drought tolerance in a tropical foundation tree

Barton¹,

Jones²,

Edwards³

et al. 2020

Journal of Ecology

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1. Plant species with broad climatic ranges might be more vulnerable to climate change than previously appreciated due to intraspecific variation in climatic stress tolerance. In tropical forests, drought is increasingly frequent and severe, causing widespread declines and altering community dynamics. Yet, little is known about whether foundation tropical trees vary in drought tolerance throughout their distributions, and how intraspecific variation in drought tolerance might contribute to their vulnerability to climate change. 2. We tested for local adaptation in seedling emergence and establishment with a full-factorial reciprocal transplant experiment including 27 populations and 109,350 seeds along a 3,500 mm precipitation gradient for a widespread tropical foundation tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, in Hawaii. To more precisely relate seedling performance to soil moisture, we conducted a complementary greenhouse experiment to test responses of the same focal populations to simulated drought. 3. In the reciprocal transplant experiment, we observed significant variation among populations and sites in germination and seedling establishment rates. Overall, there was a significant link between historical rainfall of populations and their performance under current rainfall at the study sites consistent with local adaptation. In particular, populations from historically wet sites demonstrated lower germination rates in currently dry sites compared to wet field sites, while populations from historically dry sites germinated well across all sites, with particularly high germination in dry sites. In the greenhouse, seedlings from wet populations survived fewer days without water, and succumbed at wetter soil conditions than populations from historically dry sites, corroborating results from the field experiment. 4. Synthesis. While climate change models project the greatest drying trends for historically dry areas in Hawaii, even moderate drying of wet sites could significantly reduce Metrosideros polymorpha recruitment given the sensitivity of seedlings to | 1541 Journal of Ecology BARTON eT Al.

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OpenNahele: the open Hawaiian forest plot database

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Dissecting macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of forest biodiversity across the Hawaiian archipelago

Dissecting macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of forest biodiversity across the Hawaiian archipelago

Niche properties constrain occupancy but not abundance patterns of native and alien woody species across Hawaiian forests

Local adaptation constrains drought tolerance in a tropical foundation tree

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