Open‐Shell Nanosensitizers for Glutathione Responsive Cancer Sonodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Deleterious effects to normal tissues and short biological half‐life of sonosensitizers limit the applications of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Herein, a new sonosensitizer (Cu(II)NS) is synthesized that consists of porphyrins, chelated Cu2+, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to overcome the challenges of SDT. As Cu2+ contains 27 electrons, Cu(II)NS has an unpaired electron (open shell), resulting in a doublet ground state and little sonosensitivity. Overexpressed glutathione in the tumor can reduce Cu2+ to generate Cu(I)NS, leading to a singlet ground state and recuperative sonosensitivity. Additionally, PEG endows Cu(II)NS with increased blood biological half‐life and enhanced tumor accumulation, further increasing the effect of SDT. Through regulating the valence state of Cu, cancer SDT with enhanced therapeutic index is achieved.

cRGD-targeted gold-based nanoparticles overcome EGFR-TKI resistance of NSCLC via low-temperature photothermal therapy combined with sonodynamic therapy

“…11 SDT is a method for treating cancer using low-intensity ultrasound irradiation of acoustic sensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been highly favored for its excellent penetration into biological tissues and its non-invasive therapeutic procedure. 12 Taking advantage of SDT can effectively compensate for the problem of cancer cell residue caused by uneven heat exposure in PTT. Moreover, PTT as well as SDT have been used in the treatment of various cancers and bacterial drug resistance, and all of them have obtained better treatment results.…”

A Novel Biodegradable Nanoplatform for Tumor Microenvironments Responsive Bimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Sonodynamic/Ion Interference Cascade Therapy

“…However, the treatment effect of the traditional methods in the clinic, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, is unsatisfactory. Many efforts have been devoted to developing the new therapeutic strategies with high specificity, selectivity, and curative effect, as well as low side effects, including chemodynamic therapy (CDT), − photodynamic therapy (PDT), − photothermal therapy (PTT), − sonodynamic therapy (SDT), − and so on. Among them, SDT, that produces ROS through sonosensitizers under US irradiation leading to cancer cell oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis, has drawn much more attention due to its deep tissue penetration depth and non-invasiveness.…”

Lactic acid modified rare earth-based nanomaterials for enhanced radiation therapy by disturbing the glycolysis

“…Recently, the progress of nanomedicine brings more chances for radiosensitization [ 14 – 21 ]. On the one side, a series of nanomaterials containing high-Z atoms including Lu, Hf, Ta, Au and Bi have been developed for increasing the deposition of X-rays [ 22 – 29 ].…”