Open Science in Archaeology

Marwick, Ben; Guedes, Jade d’Alpoim; Barton, C. Michael; Bates, Lynsey A.; Baxter, Michael; Bevan, Andrew; Bollwerk, Elizabeth; Bocinsky, R. Kyle; Brughmans, Tom; Carter, Alison K.; Conrad, Cyler; Contreras, Daniel; Costa, Stéfano; Crema, Enrico R.; Daggett, Adrianne; Davies, Benjamin; Drake, Barbara; Dye, Thomas S.; Fullagar, Richard; Giusti, Domenico; Graham, Shawn; Harris, Matthew D.; Hawks, John; Huffer, Damien; Kansa, Eric; Kansa, Sarah Whitcher; Madsen, Mark E.; Melcher, Jennifer; Pérez, Joan Negre; Neiman, Fraser; Opitz, Rachel; Orton, David; Przstupa, Paulina; Raviele, Maria; Riel-Savatore, Julien; Riris, Philip; Romanowska, Iza; Smith, Jolene; Strupler, Néhémie; Ullah, Isaac; Vlack, Hannah G. Van; VanValkenburgh, Parker; Watrall, Ethan; Webster, Chris; Wells, Joshua; Winters, Judith; Wren, Colin D.

doi:10.17605/osf.io/3d6xx

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is widely acknowledged that open science and open archaeology have been steadily developing worldwide in recent years (Kansa and Kansa 2013;Lake 2012;Marwick et al 2017). Digital archaeology has undoubtedly facilitated progress in discussions about sharing the knowledge generated, not only through publications but also through databases and methodologies that enable better reproducibility of results (Marwick 2017;Marwick and Birch 2018;Marwick and Schmidt 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards an Open Digital Ecosystem for Archaeology in South America: The BADACor (Córdoba Archaeological Sites Database) as a case of an open digital archaeological source for heritage management in central Argentina

Izeta,

Cattáneo

2023

Internet Archaeol.

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BaDACor is a database that contains a comprehensive inventory of archaeological sites located in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The creation of this database was the result of a top-down approach, which involved the collaboration of decision-makers and professionals from the academic and state-governmental sectors. Furthermore, the database has also been utilised in a bottom-up approach, whereby interest groups and citizens concerned with heritage preservation have made use of it. This has been particularly important in light of the construction of Highway 38, which has resulted in damage to natural habitats and the destruction of territories of communities with traditional ways of life. Additionally, the construction of the highway has also endangered the integrity of ancestral territories loaded with symbolism for aboriginal communities. BaDACor has been employed in legal claims in cases of conflict with the state, and has proved to be an invaluable tool for heritage management. This is especially significant for local communities and indigenous groups who have historically had their heritage desecrated, destroyed, and hidden. The availability of BaDACor on different platforms has facilitated better access to information while also ensuring the preservation of digital data. The use of digital media has been reinforced through talks, conferences, and meetings with stakeholders to ensure that the voices of affected communities are heard in decision-making processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, open science is more than just open access. UNESCO has approved a definition agreed upon by member countries on Open Science, defining it as: (Marwick et al 2017). Likewise, we understand open archaeology as the disciplinary expression of the recommendations of open science applied to archaeological practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Open Digital Ecosystem for Archaeology in South America: The BADACor (Córdoba Archaeological Sites Database) as a case of an open digital archaeological source for heritage management in central Argentina

Izeta,

Cattáneo

2023

Internet Archaeol.

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“…Despite the increasing application of GM analyses to assess the variability of lithic artefacts, more effort is required to reach higher scientific standards for scanning and recording 3D meshes, as well as subsequent data handling, standardisation of landmark configurations for comparability and reproducibility, and the sharing of lab protocols and raw data to support Open Science compliant practices [ 48 ]. As data acquisition, handling, and analytical procedures are much more complex with 3D GM approaches compared to traditional linear morphometrics, there is increasing demand for the sharing of methods and data, which ensures transparency for independent research validation and cross-study comparability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical and technical aspects for the 3D scanning of lithic artefacts using micro-computed tomography techniques and laser light scanners for subsequent geometric morphometric analysis. Introducing the StyroStone protocol

2022

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Here, we present a new method to scan a large number of lithic artefacts using three-dimensional scanning technology. Despite the rising use of high-resolution 3D surface scanners in archaeological sciences, no virtual studies have focused on the 3D digitization and analysis of small lithic implements such as bladelets, microblades, and microflakes. This is mostly due to difficulties in creating reliable 3D meshes of these artefacts resulting from several inherent features (i.e., size, translucency, and acute edge angles), which compromise the efficiency of structured light or laser scanners and photogrammetry. Our new protocol StyroStone addresses this problem by proposing a step-by-step procedure relying on the use of micro-computed tomographic technology, which is able to capture the 3D shape of small lithic implements in high detail. We tested a system that enables us to scan hundreds of artefacts together at once within a single scanning session lasting a few hours. As also bigger lithic artefacts (i.e., blades) are present in our sample, this protocol is complemented by a short guide on how to effectively scan such artefacts using a structured light scanner (Artec Space Spider). Furthermore, we estimate the accuracy of our scanning protocol using principal component analysis of 3D Procrustes shape coordinates on a sample of meshes of bladelets obtained with both micro-computed tomography and another scanning device (i.e., Artec Micro). A comprehensive review on the use of 3D geometric morphometrics in lithic analysis and other computer-based approaches is provided in the introductory chapter to show the advantages of improving 3D scanning protocols and increasing the digitization of our prehistoric human heritage.

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“…These types of approaches have additional benefits for decreasing the carbon footprint associated with accessing multiple international samples and fostering knowledge-sharing through dual project development and the division of responsibilities so that both foreign and local researchers take on principal roles within a given project, which is particularly crucial across the Global North-South divide (Chirikure 2015;Douglass et al 2020;Else, 2022). Indeed, collaborative approaches accord with the open science initiative in archaeology, which advocates that data stewardship should be centered around researchers collecting and sharing data on behalf of the scientific community, as opposed for the betterment of a single individual's career (Marwick et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing inter-observer error under a collaborative research framework for studying lithic shape variability

Timbrell

Scott

Habte³

et al. 2022

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Evaluating error that arises through the aggregation of data recorded by multiple observers is a key consideration in many metric and geometric morphometric analyses of stone tool shape. One of the most common approaches involves the convergence of observers for repeat trails on the same set of artefacts: however, this is logistically and financially challenging when collaborating internationally and/or at a large scale. We present and evaluate a unique alternative for testing inter-observer error, involving the development of 3D printed copies of a lithic reference collection for distribution among observers. With the aim of reducing error, clear protocols were developed for photographing and measuring the replicas, and inter-observer variability was assessed on the replicas in comparison with a corresponding data set recorded by a single observer. Our results demonstrate that, when the photography procedure is standardized and dimensions are clearly defined, the resulting metric and geometric morphometric data are minimally affected by inter-observer error, supporting this method as an effective solution for assessing error under collaborative research frameworks. Collaboration is becoming increasingly important within archaeological and anthropological sciences in order to increase the accessibility of samples, encourage dual-project development between foreign and local researchers and reduce the carbon footprint of collection-based research. This study offers a promising validation of a collaborative research design whereby researchers remotely work together to produce comparable data capturing lithic shape variability.

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Open Science in Archaeology

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Towards an Open Digital Ecosystem for Archaeology in South America: The BADACor (Córdoba Archaeological Sites Database) as a case of an open digital archaeological source for heritage management in central Argentina

Towards an Open Digital Ecosystem for Archaeology in South America: The BADACor (Córdoba Archaeological Sites Database) as a case of an open digital archaeological source for heritage management in central Argentina

Practical and technical aspects for the 3D scanning of lithic artefacts using micro-computed tomography techniques and laser light scanners for subsequent geometric morphometric analysis. Introducing the StyroStone protocol

Testing inter-observer error under a collaborative research framework for studying lithic shape variability

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