Open-ended coaxial probe for the quantification of edema in human brain tissue

Design and Characterization of a Microwave Planar Sensor for Dielectric Assessment of Vegetable Oils

“…Since the dielectric constant varies in microwave frequency range, the measurements are carried out in the frequency range where a strong variation is shown (this behavior usually happens at high frequencies). Depending on the type and volume of the sample under study, the methods for the dielectric constant measurement also differ, such as transmission-only, reflection-only, transmission-reflection, and resonant cavity methods [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The measurement techniques can be divided into two subgroups: resonant and nonresonant.…”

Determination of burn depth in the ablation of atrial fibrillation using an open-ended coaxial probe

“…However, radiofrequency or microwave energy is used to burn tissues [16] so these frequencies could be relevant to characterize the tissue. A recent study was conducted on the dielectric properties of human brain tissues at microwave frequencies using an open-ended coaxial probe [9]. For a measurement frequency of 500 MHz, this study showed a correlation between water content of the tissue and the permittivity.…”

“…The inner conductor had a diameter of 2.8 mm and the internal diameter of the outer conductor was about 4.2 mm. According to the procedure used in [9], the probe was simply pressed on the sample. Here, it is important to note that the open-ended coaxial probe needs to be in good contact with the sample.…”

“…Biological applications are also being developed; the technique is used in diagnosis, for example, to detect biomolecule species [5] or cancer cells [6] or to determine blood characteristics [7,8]. Recently, a study was conducted on the dielectric properties of human brain tissues using open-ended coaxial microwave probes [9]. In surgery, however, microwaves or radiofrequency energy are used to heat or burn tissues for therapeutic purposes.…”

A novel coplanar probe design for fast scanning of edema in human brain tissue via dielectric measurements

“…In [12], an open-ended coaxial probe is used for detecting breast cancer. In [13], we present measurements with an open-ended coaxial probe of human brain tissue. To determine the permittivity of the specimen, the probe is simply pressed onto the specimen and the scattering parameter S 11 is measured via a reflection measurement.…”