Opaque16, a high lysine and tryptophan mutant, does not influence the key physico-biochemical characteristics in maize kernel

Sarika, Konsam; Hossain, Firoz; Muthusamy, Vignesh; Zunjare, Rajkumar U.; Baveja, Aanchal; Goswami, Rajat; Thirunavukkarasu, Nepolean; Jha, S. K.; Gupta, H. S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190945

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This indicates the role of modifiers in regulating amino acid biosynthesis (Pandey et al, ). Recently, novel opaque16 ( o16 ) was pyramided with o2 in the QPM hybrids for increasing amino acids in the endosperm (Sarika et al, ). Thus, combination of suitable gene(s) with o2 can potentially increase the level of lysine and tryptophan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker‐assisted introgression of rare allele of β‐carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene into elite quality protein maize inbred for combining high lysine, tryptophan and provitamin A in maize

et al. 2019

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Vitamin A deficiency in humans is a widespread health problem. Quality protein maize (QPM) is a popular food rich in lysine and tryptophan, but poor in provitamin A (proA). Here, we report the improvement of an elite QPM inbred, HKI1128Q for proA using marker-assisted introgression of crtRB1-favourable allele. HKI1128 was one of the parental lines of three popular hybrids in India and was converted to QPM in our earlier programme. Severe segregation distortion for crtRB1 was observed in BC 1 F 1 , BC 2 F 1 and BC 2 F 2 . Background selection by 100 SSRs revealed mean recovery of 91.07% recurrent parent genome varying from 88.78% to 93.88%. Across years, introgressed progenies possessed higher mean β-carotene (BC: 9.22 µg/g), β-cryptoxanthin (BCX: 3.05 µg/g) and provitamin A (proA: 10.75 µg/ g) compared to HKI1128Q (BC: 2.26 µg/g, BCX: 2.26 µg/g and proA: 3.38 µg/g).High concentration of essential amino acids, viz. lysine (mean: 0.303%) and tryptophan (0.080%) in endosperm, was also retained. Multi-year evaluation showed that introgressed progenies possessed similar grain yield (1,759-1,879 kg/ha) with HKI1128Q (1,778 kg/ha). Introgressed progenies with higher lysine, tryptophan and proA hold immense potential as donors and parents in developing biofortified hybrids. K E Y W O R D Sbiofortification, lysine, provitamin A, quality protein maize, tryptophan, β-carotene hydroxylase

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker‐assisted introgression of rare allele of β‐carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene into elite quality protein maize inbred for combining high lysine, tryptophan and provitamin A in maize

et al. 2019

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“…Rosales et al 28 and Sarika et al 29 used the nonhydrolytic NIRS method to determine the protein, tryptophan, and lysine content of 266 samples of quality protein maize that has on average twice the tryptophan content of normal maize. The authors suggest that the efficient NIRS method is preferable to wet chemistry methods for the analysis of large numbers of samples generated in plant breeding programs.…”

Section: The Analysis Of Tryptophan In Food Body Fluids and Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors suggest that the efficient NIRS method is preferable to wet chemistry methods for the analysis of large numbers of samples generated in plant breeding programs. Sarika et al 29 found that despite the nutritional superiority of Opaque-16, a high-tryptophan and high-lysine maize mutant, the physico-biochemical characteristics of its endosperm are not affected.…”

Section: The Analysis Of Tryptophan In Food Body Fluids and Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis, Nutrition, and Health Benefits of Tryptophan

Friedman

2018

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

188

119

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Tryptophan is an essential plant-derived amino acid that is needed for the in vivo biosynthesis of proteins. After consumption, it is metabolically transformed to bioactive metabolites, including serotonin, melatonin, kynurenine, and the vitamin niacin (nicotinamide). This brief integrated overview surveys and interprets our current knowledge of the reported multiple analytical methods for free and protein-bound tryptophan in pure proteins, protein-containing foods, and in human fluids and tissues, the nutritional significance of l-tryptophan and its isomer d-tryptophan in fortified infant foods and corn tortillas as well the possible function of tryptophan in the diagnosis and mitigation of multiple human diseases. Analytical methods include the use of acid ninhydrin, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, colorimetry, basic hydrolysis; acid hydrolysis of S-pyridylethylated proteins, and high-performance liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Also covered are the nutritional values of tryptophan-fortified infant formulas and corn-based tortillas, safety of tryptophan for human consumption and the analysis of maize (corn), rice, and soybean plants that have been successfully genetically engineered to produce increasing tryptophan. Dietary tryptophan and its metabolites seem to have the potential to contribute to the therapy of autism, cardiovascular disease, cognitive function, chronic kidney disease, depression, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, sleep, social function, and microbial infections. Tryptophan can also facilitate the diagnosis of certain conditions such as human cataracts, colon neoplasms, renal cell carcinoma, and the prognosis of diabetic nephropathy. The described findings are not only of fundamental scientific interest but also have practical implications for agriculture, food processing, food safety, nutrition, and animal and human health. The collated information and suggested research need will hopefully facilitate and guide further studies needed to optimize the use of free and protein-bound tryptophan and metabolites to help improve animal and human nutrition and health.

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“…Sarika et al used MABS to introgress o2 and o16 genes into different recurrent parents. Compared with the recurrent parents, the content of lysine and tryptophan increased by 76% and 91%, respectively [22,23]. Therefore, the polymerization of high-lysine mutant genes could improve the nutritional quality of corn seeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Dynamics of Double Recessive Mutant, o2o2o16o16, Reveals the Transcriptional Mechanisms in the Increase of Its Lysine and Tryptophan Content in Maize

Wang

Dai

Wang

et al. 2019

Genes

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In maize, pyramiding of o2 and o16 alleles can greatly improve the nutritional quality of grains. To dissect its molecular mechanism, we created a double recessive mutant line, o2o2o16o16, by introgression of the o2 and o16 alleles into the wild-type maize inbred line, by molecular marker-assisted backcross selection. The kernels (18 day after pollination (DAP), 28 DAP, and 38 DAP) of the o2o2o16o16 mutant and its parent lines were subject to RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 59 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in lysine metabolism and 43 DEGs were involved in tryptophan metabolism. Among them, the genes encoding AK, ASADH, and Dap-F in the lysine synthesis pathway were upregulated at different stages of endosperm development, promoting the synthesis of lysine. Meanwhile, the genes encoding LKR/SDH and L-PO in the lysine degradation pathway were downregulated, inhibiting the degradation of lysine. Moreover, the genes encoding TAA and YUC in the tryptophan metabolic pathway were downregulated, restraining the degradation of tryptophan. Thus, pyramiding o2 and o16 alleles could increase the lysine and tryptophan content in maize. These above results would help to uncover the molecular mechanisms involved in the increase in lysine and the tryptophan content, through the introgression of o2 and o16 alleles into the wild-type maize.

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Opaque16, a high lysine and tryptophan mutant, does not influence the key physico-biochemical characteristics in maize kernel

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Marker‐assisted introgression of rare allele of β‐carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene into elite quality protein maize inbred for combining high lysine, tryptophan and provitamin A in maize

Marker‐assisted introgression of rare allele of β‐carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene into elite quality protein maize inbred for combining high lysine, tryptophan and provitamin A in maize

Analysis, Nutrition, and Health Benefits of Tryptophan

Transcriptome Dynamics of Double Recessive Mutant, o2o2o16o16, Reveals the Transcriptional Mechanisms in the Increase of Its Lysine and Tryptophan Content in Maize

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