Onychocryptosis – decrypting the controversies

Abstract

Onychocryptosis, or ingrown toenail, is a frequent, painful condition affecting young individuals. Controversies still exist regarding its etiopathogenesis and treatment options, including conservative and surgical techniques. The choice of treatment method depends on the stage of disease as conservative measures are mostly effective in early stages and surgical procedures are required in the later stages. Among surgical techniques, phenol cauterization of lateral nail matrix has been the most effective, safe, and commonly performed method. Other more destructive surgical procedures are rarely done nowadays. In this review, we briefly discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and different treatment options of ingrown toenail.

Natural fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites: A review

“…Many properties of natural fibers, particularly mechanical properties, depend on the kind of cellulose present in the fibers, because mechanical properties depend upon the microfibril angles, the degree of polymerization of the cellulose, and total cellulose content in the fibers [35][36][37][38][39].…”

Electrodessication Matricectomy With Modified Hyfrecator Tip: Case Series and Literature Review

“…13,14 One study found that healing time following ED was significantly longer than that of phenolization, 10 however, phenolization has been associated with more pain secondary to unpredictable tissue damage, delayed scar healing, and exudative drainage for up to 6 weeks. 3,4,7,16 Another study found ED to have similar healing times to curettage. 4 Significant healing time variation was also reflected in our case series' findings: complete healing for ED procedures ranged from 1 week to 16 weeks, and for phenolization procedures, 4 weeks to 12 weeks.…”

“…Various nail disorders may necessitate matricectomy-onychocryptosis being the most common, with many predisposing factors including improper hygiene, hyperhidrosis, poorly fitting shoes, trauma, and certain comorbidities and medications. 3 Surgery is indicated in severe cases; scarring, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and amputation are rare but possible complications of onychocryptosis. 3 Surgery may also be indicated in cases of onychogryphosis, where there is no therapeutic modality available to normalize the nails.…”

“…3 Surgery is indicated in severe cases; scarring, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and amputation are rare but possible complications of onychocryptosis. 3 Surgery may also be indicated in cases of onychogryphosis, where there is no therapeutic modality available to normalize the nails. 14 The purpose of matricectomy is to remove or destroy all or part of the nail matrix, with the goals of pain relief, resolution of recurrent infections, and regaining the ability to wear normal footwear.…”

“…2 Simple onychectomy without matrix destruction has been shown to have a high recurrence rate in cases of onychocryptosis. 3 The use of electrodessication (ED) in matricectomy, first described in 1938, 2 is considered a simple and effective option. 4,5 It is one of the numerous methods of matricectomy, which include surgical excision, chemical ablation (with phenol, sodium hydroxide, or trichloroacetic acid), cryotherapy, carbon dioxide laser, and curettage.…”