Ontogeny of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) innate immune system

Feeding common carp Cyprinus carpio with β-glucan supplemented diet stimulates C-reactive protein and complement immune acute phase responses following PAMPs injection

“…This may suggest that MacroGard Ò stimulated CRP and complement responses to poly(I:C) injection and would support previous studies conducted on rainbow trout which have shown that poly(I:C) combined with zymosan or b-glucan significantly induced up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 [55]. These results highlight the complexity of the carp immune acute phase response [36] and the fact that the determination serum acute phase protein profile may not be enough to estimate the degree of the immune response [38]. To a greater extent, mRNA level of a given gene may not systematically reflect protein level and activity due to post-transcriptional and transductional regulation mechanisms.…”

“…Thermal cycling conditions (ABI PRISM Ò 7000 Sequence Detector System, Applied Biosystems) comprised of 2 min at 50 C, 10 min at 95 C followed by 40 cycles of 15 s at 95 C and 1 min at 60 C. A melting curve was created for each run and checked to ensure a single product was amplified. Results were analysed according to the 2 ÀDDCt method [35] and normalised against the expression of the 40S ribosomal protein S11 reference gene [36]. As the gene expression profiles in the control group were stable throughout the duration of the treatment for all the selected genes and in all the analysed tissues (see Supplementary Figure S1), results are presented as x-fold change in relation to the control treatment.…”

The ontogeny of mucosal immune cells in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

“…5a, b). Numerous WCL15 + cells were also present dorsally to the intestine, in the haematopoietic tissue along the vena cardinalis (Huttenhuis et al 2005b). Intestinal intraepithelial WCL15 + cells were not present at least up to 2 wpf.…”

“…+ cells tentatively originate from the intermediate cell mass, a tissue described in zebrafish (Al-Adhami and Kunz 1977;Willett et al 1999) and carp embryos (Huttenhuis et al 2005b), which expresses many genes implicated in haematopoiesis including ikaros (Willett et al 2001), a transcription factor specifically of the lymphoid lineage. The intermediate cell mass transforms into the 'dorsal aorta' in zebrafish (Willett et al 1999), which is the equivalent of the aortagonad-mesonephros region, the first site of definitive haematopoiesis in tetrapods.…”

Dietary tryptophan modulates intestinal immune response, barrier function, antioxidant status and gene expression of TOR and Nrf2 in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…However, little attention has been given to the potential effects of dietary Trp on the cytokines in fish. It was reported that the mucosal T lymphocytes of common carp could secret TNF-a [18]. In rats, kynurenines, the main metabolites of Trp, can induce the apoptosis of activated T cells [19].…”