“…For instance, the traditional Janzen-Connell (J-C) model proposes that after the initial 94 establishment of species, density-dependent biotic processes reduce survival and intraspecific 95 aggregation, thus tending towards spatial regularity of individuals and enhancing overall 96 community diversity (Janzen, 1970;Connell, 1971). However, in tropical communities, these "J-97 C processes" might be disguised by the effect of environmental conditions and niche separation 98 among life stages (Soliveres et al, 2010;Zhu et al, 2013;Xie et al, 2015), as habitat 99 specialization and tolerance limits means that intraspecific aggregations of tree species are also 100 determined by the spatial structuring of resources (Arieira et al, 2016). Notably, edaphic 101 conditions comprise one of the most variable axes of the spatial niche, and are among the best 102 predictors of distribution patterns of tree species (e.g., Harms et al, 2001;Phillips et al, 2003;103 Getzin et al, 2008).…”