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Aim: To determine the peculiarities of the structural organization of the utriculus prostaticus (UP) in pre-fetuses and fetuses. Materials and methods: The study of macroscopic features and microscopic peculiarities of the prostate gland and the prostatic part of the urethra was carried out on 46 sections of human pre-fetuses and fetuses aged from 9 weeks to birth (31,0-375,0 mm PCL). The work uses the method of microscopic study of serial histological and topographic-anatomical specimens of the prostate gland, as well as the method of the thin preparation of the prostate part of the urethra in fetuses of different ages and morphometry. Results: In 58,0-66,0 mm PCL fetuses the paramesonephric ducts are reduced, except of their connected caudal part, which is a morphological substrate for the development of the UP. At 72,0-79,0 mm PCL fetuses, cavity is replaced by cellular mass. At the 85,0-120,0 mm PCL fetuses, the UP connects with the lumen of the urethra. The cavity of the UP intensivelly proliferates with cells. In fetuses of 125,0-135,0 mm PCL is presente dense arrangement of glandular elements, which are surrounded by fibrous-muscular membrane. In fetuses of 150,0-160,0 mm PCL, in the caudal direction, the cavity of the UP gradually narrows, it forms invaginations, especially in the middle and lower parts, or is divided into separate, interconnected chambers. In fetuses of 170,0-185,0 mm PCL, UP has elongated-oval or rounded-oval shape. In the caudal direction, the UP is directed ventral to the colliculus seminalis and is located slightly anterior and superior to the ejaculatory ducts. In 8-month-old fetuses, the lumen of the UP is lined with a pseudostratified cubical epithelium, outside of which there is a tunica muscularis. Ejaculatory ducts lined with a two-layer cuboidal epithelium are placed on both sides of the UP. A 270,0 mm PCL fetus has no UP at the apex of the colliculus seminalis. In fetuses 315,0-335,0 mm PCL, the process of cavity formation spreads to new areas of glandular formations of the prostate gland and their final branches. Most of the glandular formations open into the prostatic part of the urethra directly below the UP and the distal parts of the ejaculatory ducts. Microscopic examination of frontal sections of the prostate gland of a fetus with a 360,0 mm PCL revealed a septum in the UP which divides the cavity of the UP into the right and left halves of a round-oval shape. Conclusions: The formation of utriculus prostaticus occurs from the paramesonephric ducts in the 11th week of fetal development. At the beginning of the 4th month of intrauterine development, it gradually decreases in size. From the middle of the 5th month of prenatal development, the utriculus prostaticus lengthens, and starting from the fetus of 7 months, both its length and width increase. At the end of the fetal period, the utriculus prostaticus acquires a round-oval shape, its length increases from 0,5 to 4,3 mm during prenatal ontogeny.
Aim: To determine the peculiarities of the structural organization of the utriculus prostaticus (UP) in pre-fetuses and fetuses. Materials and methods: The study of macroscopic features and microscopic peculiarities of the prostate gland and the prostatic part of the urethra was carried out on 46 sections of human pre-fetuses and fetuses aged from 9 weeks to birth (31,0-375,0 mm PCL). The work uses the method of microscopic study of serial histological and topographic-anatomical specimens of the prostate gland, as well as the method of the thin preparation of the prostate part of the urethra in fetuses of different ages and morphometry. Results: In 58,0-66,0 mm PCL fetuses the paramesonephric ducts are reduced, except of their connected caudal part, which is a morphological substrate for the development of the UP. At 72,0-79,0 mm PCL fetuses, cavity is replaced by cellular mass. At the 85,0-120,0 mm PCL fetuses, the UP connects with the lumen of the urethra. The cavity of the UP intensivelly proliferates with cells. In fetuses of 125,0-135,0 mm PCL is presente dense arrangement of glandular elements, which are surrounded by fibrous-muscular membrane. In fetuses of 150,0-160,0 mm PCL, in the caudal direction, the cavity of the UP gradually narrows, it forms invaginations, especially in the middle and lower parts, or is divided into separate, interconnected chambers. In fetuses of 170,0-185,0 mm PCL, UP has elongated-oval or rounded-oval shape. In the caudal direction, the UP is directed ventral to the colliculus seminalis and is located slightly anterior and superior to the ejaculatory ducts. In 8-month-old fetuses, the lumen of the UP is lined with a pseudostratified cubical epithelium, outside of which there is a tunica muscularis. Ejaculatory ducts lined with a two-layer cuboidal epithelium are placed on both sides of the UP. A 270,0 mm PCL fetus has no UP at the apex of the colliculus seminalis. In fetuses 315,0-335,0 mm PCL, the process of cavity formation spreads to new areas of glandular formations of the prostate gland and their final branches. Most of the glandular formations open into the prostatic part of the urethra directly below the UP and the distal parts of the ejaculatory ducts. Microscopic examination of frontal sections of the prostate gland of a fetus with a 360,0 mm PCL revealed a septum in the UP which divides the cavity of the UP into the right and left halves of a round-oval shape. Conclusions: The formation of utriculus prostaticus occurs from the paramesonephric ducts in the 11th week of fetal development. At the beginning of the 4th month of intrauterine development, it gradually decreases in size. From the middle of the 5th month of prenatal development, the utriculus prostaticus lengthens, and starting from the fetus of 7 months, both its length and width increase. At the end of the fetal period, the utriculus prostaticus acquires a round-oval shape, its length increases from 0,5 to 4,3 mm during prenatal ontogeny.
Competition in the modern pentathlon in the new 2024 Olympic program are tense and high intensity. Before reaching the final the athlete must go through 8 types of events in 4 days performs before 5 events in final competitions. It’s quit difficult to restore the function of damaged link of the musculoskeletal system during competition in a short time. The time of breaks for rest and recovery in the competitive activity of an all-around athlete in the modern pentathlon is limited. The presented rehabilitation program after an acute injury was implemented at modern pentathlon competitions. A distinctive feature of the effects is the practice of rehabilitation and recovery after physical exertion. The peculiarity was in short periods of rest during intense multi-day competitive activity. There was a clear organization in the procedures, a strict sequence of methods and techniques. The presented material rather as an exception confirms the possibilities of the applied systemic rehabilitation techniques. This made it possible to continue competitive activity in modern pentathlon after an acute injury without compromising the athlete's health.
The aim of the study was to build regression models of rheovasographic parameters of the femur in volleyball players of ectomorphic somatotype depending on the features of anthropometric indicators. Materials and methods: 113 volleyball players of a high level of sportsmanship of adolescence (from 16 to 20 years old) underwent somatotypological study according to the calculated modification of the Heath-Carter method. 26 volleyball players of ectomorphic somatotype were selected. They performed tetrapolar rheocardiography on a computer diagnostic complex according to the method of Ronkin and Ivanov to establish the indicators of peripheral hemodynamics and anthropometry according to the method of V.V. Bunak. The mathematical models were built in the package “STATISTICA 5.5” for Windows using direct stepwise regression analysis. Results: Due to the use of multifactor regression analysis, we performed mathematical modeling of rheovasographic parameters of the femur in volleyball players of ectomorphic somatotype, which allows to determine the appropriate values of these indicators taking into account anthropometric and somatotypological features of each athlete. Linear regression equations for 16 indicators of peripheral hemodynamics were constructed from possible rheovasographic parameters of the femur. 4 models were built for time indicators (in which the indicators of the external structure of the body by 59.31 - 78.01% determine the value of the parameters of this group); for amplitude - 5 (coefficient of determination of features from 54.00 to 76.13%); for integral indicators of the rheovasogram of the femur - 7 (coefficient of determination 60.10 - 77.41%). Conclusions: In volleyball players of ectomorphic somatotype up to 16 constructed regression models to determine the appropriate rheovasographic parameters of the femur included 94 dimensions of the external body structure, among them were often the thickness of fat folds, craniometric parameters, girth and anterior-posterior body dimensions, somatotype components.
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