Ontogenesis of the Somatic Embryogenesis of Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

Abstract

<jats:p>The ontogenesis of direct high-frequency somatic embryogenesis of <jats:italic>C. chinense</jats:italic> induced from hypocotyl was characterized through a histological analysis of the different phases in the histodifferentiation process during the development of the somatic embryo. The anatomical analysis was carried out since the hypocotyl segments were placed in the culture medium until 45 days of culture. The somatic embryos were induced and maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (9.5 μ<jats:sc>m</jats:sc>). Samples of tissues and organs were taken every 24 h, fixed in formalin acetic alcohol, and embedded in plastic resin. They were cut into serial sections (5 μm) and stained with toluidine blue. The analysis revealed that the proembryogenic cells originated just from provascular hypocotyl cells. Provascular cells acquired the embryogenic competence 48 h after induction and an intense mitotic division was observed and embryogenic structures were generated first along the vascular strands, which subsequently evolved into somatic embryos. After 2 weeks, there were observed embryos at different stages of development (preglobular, globular, heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary). This is the first report dealing with the ontogenesis of the direct somatic embryogenesis of <jats:italic>C. chinense</jats:italic>, and it is the most complete histological characterization carried out on somatic embryogenesis in the <jats:italic>Capsicum</jats:italic> genus to date.</jats:p>

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Capsicum baccatum L.

“…Profuse callus formation was observed on media supplemented with high concentrations of sucrose (4.0–10.0%). In the present study, in C. baccatum the induction of somatic embryogenesis was observed with 3% sucrose, our results are in agreement with other species of Capsicum; C. annuum [16] and in C. chinense [13], [14], [15], [18], while high concentrations of sucrose were found more effective in the induction of somatic embryogenesis in C. annuum [17], [25], [26], [27], [28].…”

“…In many plants, it is evident that cytokinins can exert promotive effect on somatic embryogenesis. Auxins and cytokinin are the main plant growth regulators involved in the regulation of plant cell cycling, division and differentiation, playing key roles in somatic embryogenesis of many species [21], [22], [23], [24] including Capsicum species [13], [14], [18], [25]. In the present study, asynchronous development of somatic embryos was noticed as reported earlier in C. annuum [25], [26], [27], [28] and C. chinense [29].…”

“…Successful plant regeneration through direct or indirect somatic embryogenesis was reported in C. annuum L. and C. chinense Jacq. using diverse explants, such as intact seedling explants [12], cotyledonary leaves [13], cotyledons, hypocotyls [13], [14], [15], stem segments and shoot tips [16], fully expanded leaf explants [17] and hypocotyl explants [18]. The development of protocols to establish embryogenic cultures using more readily available material viz.…”

Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications

“…The somatic embryogenic process was followed by an electron microscopy analysis. BVII-03 by histological analysis was further described (Santana-Buzzy et al 2009). Using mature zygotic embryos of C. annuum var.…”

Plant Regeneration through Somatic Embryogenesis of Clerodendrum serratum l. and the Respective Study on its Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content

“…In many plants, it is evident that cytokinins can exert the promotive effect on somatic embryogenesis. Auxins and cytokinin are the main plant growth regulators involved in the regulation of plant cell cycle, division and differentiation and playing key roles in somatic embryogenesis of many species like (Cabral ., 2011), Sims ( Pinto ., 2011), (You ., 2011), (Buendía-González , 2012), 'Samantha' (Bao ., 2012), ., 2013) different Capsicum (Steinitz , 2003;López-Puc , 2006;Santana-Buzzy ., 2009). In the present study, asynchronous development of somatic embryos was noticed as reported earlier in (Harini and Sita, 1993;Binzel , 1996;Steinitz ., 2003;Kaparakis &Alderson, 2008) and (Solis-Ramos ., 2010).…”