Onto the differences in formulating micro-/nanoparticulate drug delivery system from Thai silk and Vietnamese silk: A critical comparison

Development of pH-responsive Eudragit S100-functionalized silk fibroin nanoparticles as a prospective drug delivery system

“…the peaks at ∼61.5°C showed the dehydration process of the samples, while the endothermic peaks of ∼170–180°C corresponded to the sample degradations [ 24 ]. Notably, the particles degradation temperature in our study was lower than that of other works, possibly due to the differences in the fibroin sources and structures [ 9 ]. The slight slope at ∼142°C was the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the fibroin silk-I amorphous structure [ 24 ].…”

“…Nevertheless, the inorganic NP might not be human biocompatible [ 5 ] and the lipid-based NP are generally unstable [ 6 ]. These obstacles, together with the recent "back-to-nature" trend, naturally-derived substances/materials such as silk fibroin are attractive carriers for NP formulations, having enhanced biocompatibility, biodegradability with non-toxic products, cost-effectiveness, and ease of manufacturing [ 7 – 9 ].…”

Formulations of poly(vinyl alcohol) functionalized silk fibroin nanoparticles for the oral delivery of zwitterionic ciprofloxacin

“…In terms of the chemical interactions of the particles, FT-IR, DSC, and XRD techniques were employed ( Fig 2 ). Firstly, the FT-IR spectra of the blank FNP and FNP/PVA showed the characterized fibroin signals at 1626 cm -1 (amide I, C = O bond), 1515 cm -1 (amide II, N-H bond), and 1231 cm -1 (amide III, C-N bond) [ 3 , 30 ]. Additionally, the FNP/PVA possessed overlapped PVA signals at 3452 cm -1 (O-H stretching vibration), 3353 cm -1 (C-H alkyl bond) and an intensity increase at the 1164 cm -1 peak, corresponding to the PVA intra-/intermolecular hydrogen bonding ( Fig 2A ) [ 40 , 41 ].…”

“…The fibroin extraction process was conducted following the published reports [ 29 , 30 ]. Initially, to remove the sericin outer layer, the silkworm cocoons (10 g) were immersed in 100 mL of Na 2 CO 3 0.5% (w/w) solution at 80–100°C for 1 h. The sericin-free silk strands were then washed with water, air-dried at room temperature, and dissolved in the strong salt mixture of CaCl 2 :Ca(NO 3 ) 2 :EtOH:H 2 O at a weight ratio of 30:5:20:45.…”

“…To determine the fibroin concentration, the UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed, with an absorbance wavelength of 276 nm, and the fibroin standard curve in water (y = 1.1517x + 0.0099, R 2 = 0.9999). The extracted fibroin compositions and properties have been critically characterized in our previous work [ 30 ]. This simple extraction process, which only employed water, ethanol, and common inorganic salts of Na 2 CO 3 , CaCl 2 , and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , as well as standard laboratory techniques (i.e., mixing, heating, dialysis, and centrifugation), could be considered environmental friendly and safety to the technicians.…”