Onset of respiratory symptoms among Chinese students: associations with dampness and redecoration, PM10, NO2, SO2 and inadequate ventilation in the school

Tian, Li; Zhang, Xin; Li, Chenghuan; Xu, Bo; Zhao, Zhuohui; Norbäck, Dan

doi:10.1080/02770903.2019.1590591

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A prospective trial conducted among 1325 students noted that environments with an increased load of the particulate matter about 10 µm in size were associated with an increased incidence of respiratory infections. 23 This has also been observed with the particulate matter under 2.5 µm size, which falls within the size range of droplet nuclei. 24 These pollutants or particulate matter may cause inflammation of the airway providing an enabling environment for the successful transmission of viral infection.…”

Section: Principles Of Air Ventilation: Natural Versus Mechanicalsupporting

confidence: 62%

Transmission risk of respiratory viruses in natural and mechanical ventilation environments: implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Africa

et al. 2020

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Respiratory viruses can be transmitted through contact, droplet and airborne routes. Viruses that are not naturally airborne may be aerosolised during medical procedures and transmitted to healthcare workers. Most resource-limited healthcare settings lack complex air handling systems to filter air and create pressure gradients that are necessary for minimising viral transmission. This review explores the association between ventilation and the transmission of respiratory viruses like SAR-CoV-2. When used appropriately, both natural and mechanical ventilation can decrease the concentration of viral aerosols, thereby reducing transmission. Although mechanical ventilation systems are more efficient, installation and maintenance costs limit their use in resource-limited settings, whereas the prevailing climate conditions make natural ventilation less desirable. Cost-effective hybrid systems of natural and mechanical ventilation may overcome these limitations.

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Section: Principles Of Air Ventilation: Natural Versus Mechanicalsupporting

confidence: 62%

Transmission risk of respiratory viruses in natural and mechanical ventilation environments: implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Africa

et al. 2020

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“…However, inconsistencies remain in existing studies. The results for a prospective cohort study in Taiyuan China suggested that the association between O 3 outside the school and dry cough at night was not significant (OR and 95% CI for per 10 µg/m 3 increase in O 3 : 0.81 (0.45-1.45)) [20]. Several reasons may explain the difference in our findings compared with previous studies, including the use of different definitions of outcomes, potential confounders considered and the exposure assessment method.…”

Section: Associations Between O 3 and Ar And Bronchitic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, evidence for the long-term effects of O 3 on children's respiratory conditions, especially for AR, is limited. Existing studies provide inconsistent results for the association of O 3 and AR [14][15][16][17][18][19] and bronchitic symptoms [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. For example, a cohort study among 1286 Canadian children [16] showed that O 3 exposure at birth was associated with AR with its hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00-1.31) for an interquartile range increase (IQR) in O 3 , whereas a study in Norway and Sweden [14] and a study from Taipei [15] suggested that O 3 exposure at susceptibility windows (lifetime, adulthood, 0-10 years and 10-18 years) was not associated with AR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a cohort study among 1286 Canadian children [16] showed that O 3 exposure at birth was associated with AR with its hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00-1.31) for an interquartile range increase (IQR) in O 3 , whereas a study in Norway and Sweden [14] and a study from Taipei [15] suggested that O 3 exposure at susceptibility windows (lifetime, adulthood, 0-10 years and 10-18 years) was not associated with AR. As for bronchitic symptoms, some research indicated a significant adverse effect of O 3 on cough and phlegm [21][22][23][24]26], but studies of 1325 Chinese [20] and 3676 Southern California students [25] reported opposite results. Given these mixed results, it is important to explore further the relationship between longterm O 3 and AR and bronchitic symptoms such as cough and phlegm in large populations such as China where severe air pollution coincides with a heavy burden of children's respiratory disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Allergic Rhinitis and Bronchitic Symptoms in Chinese Children

Zhou

Qian

McMillin

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to ambient ozone (O3) could have adverse effects on children’s respiratory health. However, previous studies mainly focused on asthma and wheezing. Evidence for allergic rhinitis and bronchitic symptoms (e.g., persistent cough and phlegm) associated with O3 is limited, and results from existing studies are inconsistent. This study included a total of 59,754 children from the seven northeastern cities study (SNEC), who were aged 2 to 17 years and from 94 kindergarten, elementary and middle schools. Information on doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (AR), persistent cough, and persistent phlegm was collected during 2012–2013 using a standardized questionnaire developed by the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Information for potential confounders was also collected via questionnaire. Individuals’ exposure to ambient ozone (O3) during the four years before the investigation was estimated using a satellite-based random forest model. A higher level of O3 was significantly associated with increased risk of AR and bronchitic symptoms. After controlling for potential confounders, the OR (95% CI) were 1.13 (1.07–1.18), 1.10 (1.06–1.16), and 1.12 (1.05–1.20) for AR, persistent cough, and persistent phlegm, respectively, associated with each interquartile range (IQR) rise in O3 concentration. Interaction analyses showed stronger adverse effects of O3 on AR in children aged 7–17 years than those aged 2–6 years, while the adverse association of O3 with cough was more prominent in females and children aged 7–12 years than in males and children aged 2–6 and 13–17 years. This study showed that long-term exposure to ambient O3 was significantly associated with higher risk of AR and bronchitic symptoms in children, and the association varies across age and gender. Our findings contribute additional evidence for the importance of controlling O3 pollution and protecting children from O3 exposure.

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“…Atmospheric SO 2 has been reported to cause respiratory tract diseases, aggravate symptoms of asthma, and increase the incidence of asthma (Li et al, 2020;Shin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur dioxide-induced exacerbation of airway inflammation via reactive oxygen species production and the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway in asthmatic mice

Zhang

Sang

2021

Toxicol Ind Health

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Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a common air pollutant that can exacerbate asthmatic airway inflammation. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of SO2 exposure (10 mg/m3) on asthmatic airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. Our results showed that SO2 exposure alone induced slight airway injury, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, and increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression in the lungs of mice. Moreover, SO2 exposure in asthmatic mice induced marked pathological damage, significantly increased the counts of inflammatory cells (e.g., macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and significantly enhanced malondialdehyde and glutathione levels in the lungs. Moreover, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6), and type II T-helper cell (Th2) cytokines was found to be elevated in the mice exposed to SO2 and ovalbumin compared to those exposed to ovalbumin alone. These results suggest that SO2 amplifies Th2-mediated inflammatory responses, which involve reactive oxygen species and TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation; these can further enhance Th2 cytokine expression and eosinophilic inflammation. Thus, our findings provide important evidence to understand a potential mechanism through which SO2 may exacerbate airway asthmatic inflammation.

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Onset of respiratory symptoms among Chinese students: associations with dampness and redecoration, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂ and inadequate ventilation in the school

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Transmission risk of respiratory viruses in natural and mechanical ventilation environments: implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Africa

Transmission risk of respiratory viruses in natural and mechanical ventilation environments: implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Africa

Relationships between Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Allergic Rhinitis and Bronchitic Symptoms in Chinese Children

Sulfur dioxide-induced exacerbation of airway inflammation via reactive oxygen species production and the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway in asthmatic mice

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