Online Water Monitoring Method as a Water Security Tool: A Feasibility View

Abstract

Since the tragic event on September 11, 2001 (9/11), homeland security has been the center of major attention not only in the United States but also around the world. Among homeland security agenda, more concerns on drinking water system have been drawn into the forefront attention from the public and water industry. Governmental agencies have been called upon to strongly protect the water resources from becoming a possible terror target. The online monitoring of a water system offers the potential to reduce the possible danger from a terrorist contamination as well as from unintentional chemical spills. As potential terrorist contaminants, seven chemical compounds (aldicarb, cycloheximide, dicrotophos, nicotine, sodium arsenate, sodium cyanide, and sodium fluoroacetate) were studied at different doses, in order to determine their detectability when they are present in a water system, including intake, treatment, and distribution. These contaminants were monitored by measuring simple water quality parameters such as conductivity, pH, chlorine residual, turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), and UV254. Results indicated that the contaminants used for the study were detected at certain toxicity concentrations through the online water quality monitoring method. This method provides a useful tool for watching water resources against possible terror attacks, and also keeping safe water quality.

Using organic surrogates to manage unit operations for disinfection byproducts’ control

“…Westphal, Chapra, and Sung () demonstrated that TOC and UV 254 correlated significantly, resulting in the development of a model that was successful in predicting a drinking water reservoir's chlorination rates and DBP formation potentials. Online instrumentation for monitoring TOC and UV 254 has been demonstrated to be useful as a security tool (Cho, Kim, Park, & Gil, ), as well as a predictive indicator of TTHMs (Wert, Bolding, Rexing, & Zegers, ).…”