Online Sol-gel Capillary Microextraction-Mass Spectrometry (CME-MS) Analysis of Illicit Drugs

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2019 separation with Magneto-Archimedes levitation (MagLev), followed by characterization by FTIR-ATR of powdered mixtures of illicit drugs (cocaine, MA, heroin, fentanyl, and its analogues), adulterants, and diluents based on density, for the presumptive identification of individual components [ 852 ]; SERS for the detection of illegal injectables [ 853 ]; study investigates the prevalence of drugs of abuse detected from 2011 to 2015 through forensic drug testing of illicit drug seizures from law enforcement agencies [ 854 ]; ambient mass spectrometry and LC-MS/MS for the rapid detection and identification of multiple illicit street drugs [ 855 ]; rapid analytical method using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer for identification of 32 illicit drugs in marketed products was developed (included benzodiazepine-, synthetic cannabinoid-, amphetamine- and benzylpiperazine-type drugs) [ 856 ]; Thermal Desorption Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (TD-DART-MS) for the simultaneous detection of rodenticides and drugs in seized drug mixtures [ 857 ]; Capillary Microextraction-Mass Spectrometry (CME-MS) method for the analysis of Illicit Drugs [ 858 ]; LC-MS/MS method for designer drugs that combines synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones, etizolam, a designer benzodiazepine and mitragynine (kratom) [ 859 ]; review of the epidemiology, chemistry, pharmacophysiology, clinical effects, laboratory detection, and clinical treatment for newly emerging drugs of abuse in the following classes: (1) opioids (2) cannabinoids (3) stimulants and hallucinogens (4) dissociative agents and (5) sedative-hypnotics [ 860 ]; type and purity analysis of seizured illicit substances (screened by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS followed by GC-FID for quantitative analyses) [ 861 ]; TD acetone-assisted photoionization miniature ion trap mass spectrometer was developed for on-site and rapid identification of illegal drugs at checkpoints [ 862 ]; a synchronized flash-thermal-desorption purging and ion injection (SFTDPI) method to increase the sensitive and rapid screening of volatile and nonvolatile illegal drugs for miniature ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) [ 863 ]; vacuum filtration-paper chromatography-SERS (VF-PC-SERS) for field analysis of illicit materials [ 864 ]; 2020 Evaluation of seized performance enhancing drugs in Isreaal from 2012 to 2017 [ 865 ]; integration of SERS and PSI-MS to enable on-site chemical analysis by two independent methods for on-site illicit drug confirmation [ 866 ]; feasibility study to examine creating mutant protein arrays capable of detecting drugs of abuse in solution or in vapor phase [ 867 ]; high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) applying different ionization sources such as paper spray ionization (PSI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) in the evaluation of seized drugs samples on blotter paper (n = 79) and tablet (n = 100) [ 868 ]; two paper electrospray ionization quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer screening procedures for detection of drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals and chemical warfare agents in soil by...…”

Novel materials as capillary coatings for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction for bioanalysis

“…Hybrid organic-inorganic monolith Organic-inorganic hybrid silica-based monoliths combine the advantages of organic polymers (pH stability and good biocompatibility) and silica-based monoliths (high mechanical strength, high permeability, and good tolerance to organic solvent) [106]. Incorporation of different organic functional moieties into inorganic silica monolithic capillaries via the sol-gel process has afforded various organic-inorganic hybrid monoliths with different organic functionalities including C18-phenyl [107], cyano [108], amino [109], and cyano-amino [35] with distinct macromesoporous structures for application in in-tube SPME [106]. Domingues et al [108] prepared an organic-inorganic hybrid cyanopropyl monolithic capillary column with high permeability and low backpressure, which facilitated biological sample percolation.…”

“…Seyyal and Nguyen [107] evaluated two different sol-gel coating materials for CME: (I) a single octadecyl (C18) ligand and (II) a dual-ligand combination of C18 and phenyl groups. The dual-ligand sorbent demonstrated superior performance because of the typical hydrophobic proper-ties of C18 and potential π-π interactions between the phenyl functionality and the aromatic moiety that is common to many target analytes.…”

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

“…Table 2 resumes with detail these miniaturized applications for the enrichment of cocaine and related substances in forensic matrices, with emphasis on the key characteristics on the developed methodologies. Table S2 (Supplementary Material) contains information regarding other techniques for the determination of these classes of compounds in the forensic context [52,84,99,100,104,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133]. Another important class of stimulant drugs are amphetamine (AMP) and amphetaminetype substances (ATS), which include methamphetamine (MAMP), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA), and methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).…”