“…Nevertheless, there were a few studies comparing more than one learning environment; for example, learner demographics (e.g. marital status, number of dependents, enrolment status) and adult learners' preferences for online, hybrid, or in-person programmes (Gardner et al, 2022); and factors such as personal, logistics, teaching and learning, advice and marketing, support, environment; and student choice of on-campus, distance, or open and online mode (Bailey et al, 2015). Because many students would have experienced online learning due to campus closure during COVID-19, they can now better compare face-to-face classroom learning, blended learning and online learning.…”