Online Organization of an Offline Protest: From Social to Traditional Media and Back

Škorić, Marko M.; Poor, Nathaniel; Liao, Youqing; Tang, Stanley Wei Hong

doi:10.1109/hicss.2011.330

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Results also showed that most of the filtering happened in "border ASes", that is, ASes that peer with foreign networks. In [65], Skoric et al provided a detailed analysis of how social media platforms (e.g., Facebook), as well as traditional media were used to organize a student protest against censorship in Singapore. They found that activists used social media to engage rather than circumvent traditional media stakeholders, in order to amplify their impact.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of country-wide internet outages caused by censorship

Dainotti

Squarcella

Aben³

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference

180

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In the first months of 2011, Internet communications were disrupted in several North African countries in response to civilian protests and threats of civil war. In this paper we analyze episodes of these disruptions in two countries: Egypt and Libya. Our analysis relies on multiple sources of large-scale data already available to academic researchers: BGP interdomain routing control plane data; unsolicited data plane traffic to unassigned address space; active macroscopic traceroute measurements; RIR delegation files; and MaxMind's geolocation database. We used the latter two data sets to determine which IP address ranges were allocated to entities within each country, and then mapped these IP addresses of interest to BGP-announced address ranges (prefixes) and origin ASes using publicly available BGP data repositories in the U.S. and Europe. We then analyzed observable activity related to these sets of prefixes and ASes throughout the censorship episodes. Using both control plane and data plane data sets in combination allowed us to narrow down which forms of Internet access disruption were implemented in a given region over time. Among other insights, we detected what we believe were Libya's attempts to test firewall-based blocking before they executed more aggressive BGP-based disconnection. Our methodology could be used, and automated, to detect outages or similar macroscopically disruptive events in other geographic or topological regions.

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of country-wide internet outages caused by censorship

Dainotti

Squarcella

Aben³

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These findings counter those of Al Sayyad and Guvenc (2013), that social media has led to increased offline mobilization. Moreover, online involvement on social media has not shaped offline protesting events, contrary to the findings of Enjolras, Steen-Johnsen, and Wollebaek (2013), Steinert-Threlkeld and others (2015), Skoric andothers (2011), andFuchs (2015), but has rather shaped the reporting of offline events-again providing another means of information publication or as Murthy (2011, 779) puts it, a "microphone for the masses." This means that social media has not been viewed as a communicative tool in isolation as there are other means available to existing campaign groups who have a wide range of campaigning repertoires.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Similarly, Cottle (, 867) explains that campaign groups, irrespective of size, seek out media attention for the wider dissemination of their campaign and politics, from local to global. This represents a model whereby online involvement can shape offline events to amplify their message (Enjolras, Steen‐Johnsen, and Wollebaek ; Fuchs ; Skoric et al ; Steinert‐Threlkeld et al ), but social media cannot be viewed as being a communication tool in isolation. This rise of activism through these social media channels highlights the shift from previous tactical repertoires that relied heavily on meetings, letters, public demonstrations (e.g., sit‐ins, speeches) and participating in civil disobedience (Harlow and Harp ) to more passive displays of support on social networking sites including “liking” and “sharing” content (Sandoval‐Almazan and Gil‐Garcia ).…”

Section: Social Media and Protestmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Social Media Incorporation: A Case Study of HACAN Clearskies

Rowe

Pitfield

2019

Politics & Policy

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Social media can pose challenges to campaign group strategy, especially for existing campaign groups who incorporate social media into their campaigns. This article uses social network analysis to explore how social media is used by the anti‐airport expansion group, HACAN Clearskies (HACAN Clearskies is an acronym for the Heathrow Association for the Control of Aircraft Noise). Social media data were obtained using NodeXL and Twitonomy. As a result of questions raised in these findings, interviews with the social media coordinator of HACAN Clearskies were conducted. The results show the utilization of social media as an information dissemination platform and how a social media reluctant membership base prevents them from organizing mass protest through social media. The implications of these results are also discussed in relation to future social media practice. Related Articles Cormack, Lindsey. 2019. “Leveraging Peer‐to‐Peer Connections to Increase Voter Participation in Local Elections.” Politics & Policy 47 (2): 248‐266. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12297 Pompl, Solange, and Sergiu Gherghina. 2019. “Messages and Familiar Faces: Crowdfunding in the 2017 U.K. Electoral Campaign.” Politics & Policy 47. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12301

show abstract

“…Results also showed that most of the filtering happened in "border ASes", that is, ASes that peer with foreign networks. In [53] Skoric et al provided a detailed analysis of how social media platforms (e.g., Facebook), as well as traditional media were used to organize a student protest against censorship in Singapore. They found that activists used social media to engage rather than circumvent traditional media stakeholders, in order to amplify their impact.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Country-Wide Internet Outages Caused by Censorship

Dainotti

Squarcella

Aben³

et al. 2014

IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the first months of 2011, Internet communications were disrupted in several North African countries in response to civilian protests and threats of civil war. In this paper we analyze episodes of these disruptions in two countries: Egypt and Libya. Our analysis relies on multiple sources of large-scale data already available to academic researchers: BGP interdomain routing control plane data; unsolicited data plane traffic to unassigned address space; active macroscopic traceroute measurements; RIR delegation files; and MaxMind's geolocation database. We used the latter two data sets to determine which IP address ranges were allocated to entities within each country, and then mapped these IP addresses of interest to BGP-announced address ranges (prefixes) and origin ASes using publicly available BGP data repositories in the U.S. and Europe. We then analyzed observable activity related to these sets of prefixes and ASes throughout the censorship episodes. Using both control plane and data plane data sets in combination allowed us to narrow down which forms of Internet access disruption were implemented in a given region over time. Among other insights, we detected what we believe were Libya's attempts to test firewallbased blocking before they executed more aggressive BGP-based disconnection. Our methodology could be used, and automated, to detect outages or similar macroscopically disruptive events in other geographic or topological regions.

show abstract

Online Organization of an Offline Protest: From Social to Traditional Media and Back

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Analysis of country-wide internet outages caused by censorship

Analysis of country-wide internet outages caused by censorship

The Challenge of Social Media Incorporation: A Case Study of HACAN Clearskies

Analysis of Country-Wide Internet Outages Caused by Censorship

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