We have obtained an analytical expression approximating the dependence of the backscatter signals, detected outside the region where the skin is irradiated, on the optical and structural parameters of the skin. A method is proposed for fast determination of the optical and structural/morphological parameters of skin and also the constituent composition of hemoglobin (including oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and sulfhemoglobin), based on measurements of the spatially resolved spectral backscatter signals and their analytical dependence on the unknown parameters. Based on numerical modeling results for the backscatter signal, we studied the effectiveness of the proposed method and have shown that it is possible to improve the diagnostic power as a result of simultaneous processing of the spectral and spatial characteristics of backscatter from skin.