Online chromatic dispersion monitoring and compensation using a single inband subcarrier tone

Petersen, Martin Nordal; Pan, Zhongqi; Lee, S.; Havstad, S.A.; Willner, Alan E.

doi:10.1109/68.992614

Cited by 92 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Online CD monitoring with no need for tunable filters has been demonstrated by adding small sinusoidal components (pilot tones) to the WDM optical signal, either employing amplitude modulation (AM) (Petersen et al 2002) or phase modulation (PM) (Park et al 2003). The magnitude of the received AM pilot tone at a fixed frequency near those resonance values also change with the accumulated CD of the fibre link, so the measurement of this magnitude can be employed as the basis of a CD monitoring technique (Petersen et al 2002). A different approach for avoiding the effects of signal degradation after transmission is optical regeneration, which consists of three steps (3R) of signal processing,: firstly, an optical amplification and amplitude equalisation of the signal (1R); secondly, a reshaping of the previously amplified signal (2R); and finally, a transmission of the reshaped signal following a retiming obtained with a clock .…”

Section: Optical CD Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cost-effective CD monitoring techniques have been developed in order to manage reconfigurable and scalable optical networks, in which the accumulated CD may change. Online CD monitoring with no need for tunable filters has been demonstrated by adding small sinusoidal components (pilot tones) to the WDM optical signal, either employing amplitude modulation (AM) (Petersen et al 2002) or phase modulation (PM) (Park et al 2003). The magnitude of the received AM pilot tone at a fixed frequency near those resonance values also change with the accumulated CD of the fibre link, so the measurement of this magnitude can be employed as the basis of a CD monitoring technique (Petersen et al 2002).…”

Section: Optical CD Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks

Vázquez

Montalvo

Ahmed

et al. 2011

Optical Transmission

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1higher, linear and non-linear fibre impairments become prominent factors affecting the signal quality. Thus, new techniques in both physical layer and network layer are necessary for mitigating impairments to accommodate high-speed traffic (Tomkos et al. 2002). On the other hand, the flexibility of modern networks with dynamic and distributed management, where lightpaths can be dynamically and automatically assigned end-to-end, increases the risk of changing path conditions that affect signal quality and consequently quality of service (QoS) over the lifetime of a connection as well as for subsequent connection set-up requests (on-demand routing and wavelength assignment -RWA). For traditional connection provisioning an ideal physical layer, ignoring transmission impairments (Chlamtac et al. 1992) could be assumed because the implicit per hop regeneration (optics-to-electronics-to-optics conversion -O/E/O) compensated signal impairments hop-by-hop in a rather static manner (section commissioning). For end-to-end all-optically switched connections using photonic cross-connect switches (PXC), the conditions change and common practice is not applicable. Anyhow, intelligent connection provisioning is an important traffic engineering problem, and minimising operational cost as well as efficiently utilising network resources is the main driver. In this context, it seems important to have flexible routing protocols that take into consideration the most relevant physical impairments, and are able to exchange messages with their values as part of the route information with others. This condition, if definitely used to calculate routing, will surely assure better success in data delivery over the network (Huang et al. 2005). Irrespective of the control architecture chosen by an operator of an optical network, the included control plane (in charge of setting up and tearing down optical circuits; also known as lightpaths) needs to have a proper set of tools to satisfyingly deal with physical impairments. The most essential tools are: optical signal monitoring, signal processing and impairment compensation techniques (each all-optically and/or electrically). With the help of these tools, it is possible to predict the QoT (quality of transmission) attainable for a lightpath at a given time (i.e. the latest network-wide monitoring instant), and the control plane can route requests across the network

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Section: Optical CD Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical CD Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks

Vázquez

Montalvo

Ahmed

et al. 2011

Optical Transmission

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“…Traditionally, CD can be monitored by phase-modulating the optical carrier [4] or inserting tones at the transmitter [5][6][7][8] and measuring the power of a CD-induced RF tone at the receiver. Alternatively, such RF tone can be obtained from clock tones for pulse shapes such as Non Return-to-Zero (NRZ)-, Return-to-Zero (RZ)-and Carrier-Suppressed (CS)-RZ OnOff Keying (OOK) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of signed chromatic dispersion monitoring by waveform asymmetry for differentially-coherent phase-modulated systems

Lau¹,

Li²,

Khan³

et al. 2011

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We analytically study received waveform asymmetries induced by chromatic dispersion (CD) for signed CD monitoring in differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) systems and show that the asymmetries are results of differential detection and the ±π/4 phase shifters used in conventional DQPSK receivers. The theoretical insights developed help explain various published results on signed CD monitoring based on waveform asymmetries and allow us to further propose signed CD monitoring for differential eight phase-shift keying (D8PSK) systems without any modification to the receiver. Simulation results also show that the CD-induced waveform asymmetric features are preserved in presence of self-phase modulation (SPM) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD).

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“…After a few cycles of and passing through their maxima and minima, the RF power measured at the two branches can easily be normalized irrespective of the actual power difference between the received two frequency components, and the normalized powers of the two branches are and , respectively. The phase difference between these two power traces can easily be obtained and the first order DGD of the fiber system can then be derived by (5) The detailed experimental setup for CD measurement is shown in Fig. 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurements of eye-opening penalty, -factor, or BER have been proposed earlier to monitor CD [2], [3], but these electrical domain measurements are data rate dependent and are performed on per-channel basis. The phase-modulation-amplitude-modulation (AM) conversion method proposed in [4] and the AM pilot tones method proposed in [5] and [6] require nonstandard transmitters and receivers. The CD can also be determined by monitoring the power of the clock component after photodetection [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion monitoring using coherent detection

Hui

2005

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Abstract-We propose and experimentally demonstrate a nondestructive method to monitor chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in traffic-carrying wavelength-division-multiplexing optical systems. Coherent heterodyne detection is used to down convert the spectrum of digitally modulated signal from optical domain into radio-frequency (RF) domain. By analyzing group delay difference and polarization walkoff between different frequency components through proper RF signal processing, both CD and PMD can be precisely determined. Good agreement between experimental results and theoretical values has been obtained.Index Terms-Chromatic dispersion monitoring, coherent detection, heterodyne, optical communication, polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) monitoring, radio-frequency (RF) signal processing. FIBER chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) are two major sources of transmission performance degradation in high-speed long-distance optical communication systems [1].So far, several CD and PMD monitoring methods have been proposed. The measurements of eye-opening penalty, -factor, or BER have been proposed earlier to monitor CD [2], [3], but these electrical domain measurements are data rate dependent and are performed on per-channel basis. The phase-modulation-amplitude-modulation (AM) conversion method proposed in [4] and the AM pilot tones method proposed in [5] and [6] require nonstandard transmitters and receivers. The CD can also be determined by monitoring the power of the clock component after photodetection [7]. However, the measured clock power is influenced not only by CD but also by PMD, and these two effects cannot be separated. Sideband optical filtering technique was also proposed recently to monitor CD [8]. In this case, the measurement accuracy may depend on the optical filter's parameters such as shape, bandwidth, and detuning as well as the optical signal modulation format. In practice, the bandwidth and the shape of an optical filter is difficult to control especially when the required bandwidth is very narrow.As far as the PMD monitoring is concerned, the effect of PMD on an optical system can be evaluated by monitoring the degree of polarization of the optical signal [9], but the results may be sensitive to the variation of signal optical spectrum and the modulation bandwidth. Vestigial sideband optical filtering has been recently proposed to evaluate PMD through measuring the strength reduction of the beating signal between the optical . Although this method is insensitive to effect of CD, the absolute signal strength at the beating frequency depends not only on PMD, but also on the modulation format and the spectral distribution of the optical signal. Therefore, a quantitative and reliable evaluation of PMD might not be possible. Very recently, coherent frequency-selective polarimeter was proposed which has the ability to evaluate PMD [12]. In this method, the measurement of different frequency components within the signal bandwidth is accomplished b...

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Online chromatic dispersion monitoring and compensation using a single inband subcarrier tone

Cited by 92 publications

References 7 publications

Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks

Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks

Analysis of signed chromatic dispersion monitoring by waveform asymmetry for differentially-coherent phase-modulated systems

Fiber chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion monitoring using coherent detection

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