Ongoing subclinical infection of hepatitis E virus among blood donors with an elevated alanine aminotransferase level in Japan

Gotanda, Yuhko; Iwata, Akiko; Ohnuma, Hiroyuki; Yoshikawa, Akira; Mizoguchi, Hideaki; Endo, Kazuyuki; Takahashi, Masaharu; Okamoto, Hiroaki

doi:10.1002/jmv.20834

Cited by 71 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The seroprevalence rates observed in this study (donors with nonelevated ALT, 6%; donors with elevated ALT, 5.88%) are more comparable to rates which have been observed for Switzerland and Japan than to those observed for Germany so far. The seroprevalence rates of anti-HEV IgM have been measured less frequently, but studies in Chinese blood donors revealed a seroprevalence rate of 0.94 to 1.8% (11,21), comparable to 0.5 to 1.6% in Japan (18,20,42) and the 0.5% observed in this study. We also observed a considerably higher seroprevalence rate of 8.08% in donors with elevated ALT levels, according to data obtained by Fukuda et al (3.3%) (18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Novel Approach for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in German Blood Donors

et al. 2012

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The risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections by contaminated blood products remains unknown. In the present study, we evaluated and compared different nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT) methods for the detection of HEV in blood components. Minipools of a total of 16,125 individual blood donors were screened for the presence of HEV RNA using the highly sensitive RealStar HEV RT-PCR kit, revealing a minimum detection limit of 4.66 IU/ml. Thirteen donors were HEV RNA positive (0.08%), and of these donors, only three already showed reactive IgM antibody titers. The detected HEV strains all belonged to genotype 3 and were most closely related to German HEV strains from wild boars and pigs as well as from human hepatitis E cases. Furthermore, HEV RNA and HEV-specific IgM and IgG titers were determined in 136 blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and in 200 donors without pathological findings. HEV RNA was not detectable, but 8.08% (elevated ALT) and 0.5% (nonelevated ALT) of donors showed reactive HEV IgM titers. The overall seroprevalence rate of HEV IgG amounted to 5.94% (elevated ALT, 5.88%; nonelevated ALT, 6.0%). The clinical relevance of transfusionassociated hepatitis E infection still requires further investigation. However, in connection with raising concerns regarding blood safety, our NAT method provides a sensitive possibility for HEV testing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Novel Approach for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in German Blood Donors

et al. 2012

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“…Similar isolates as G3 Unclassified from one (swJR-C9) of the two farms were also previously reported in Japan [19,30].…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of Swine-derived Hevs With Reported Swsupporting

confidence: 55%

Sequence Variation in Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 3 and 4 from Swine Fecal Samples in Japan

Sapsutthipas¹,

Urayama²,

Yamate³

et al. 2009

TOVSJ

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent for hepatitis. HEV is transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contaminated drinking water and induces zoonotic infections through eating uncooked and undercooked meat of deer, wild boar, and swine. In Japan, genotypes 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) are prevalent in domestic swine. Here, we examined the genetic variation among HEVs derived from swine fecal samples in Japan. A total of 320 samples were collected at 32 commercial farm facilities (1 fecal sample from each of 10 pig houses in individual farms). Viral RNA amplification at open reading frame (ORF) 3 was possible in 159 (49.7%) of the fecal samples. For genotyping, the same samples were subjected to amplification at ORF2 and the resulting amplicons were sequenced. The results revealed that all the HEVs in each farm belonged to the same cluster of G3 and G4: G3 JP in 8 farms, G3 SP in 4 farms, G3 US in 6 farms, and G4 JP in 2 farms, unclassified G3 in 2 farms, unable to decide due to a low rate of amplification in 5 farms, and no detection in 5 farms. Interestingly, the HEVs from one farm were more homogeneous than those of the same cluster that was derived from other farms. Thus, the efficiency of farm-to-farm transmission of HEVs is likely to be low and HEV seems to have evolved independently at each farm in Japan.

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“…In Japan, HEV RNA has been detected in blood donors with elevated liver enzymes (12). A recent report from France found that acute HEV in persons who had not traveled to HEV-endemic regions may cause fulminant hepatitis, especially in those with active alcohol use and other chronic liver disease (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Atiq¹,

Shire²,

Barrett³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Ongoing subclinical infection of hepatitis E virus among blood donors with an elevated alanine aminotransferase level in Japan

Cited by 71 publications

References 47 publications

Novel Approach for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in German Blood Donors

Novel Approach for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in German Blood Donors

Sequence Variation in Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 3 and 4 from Swine Fecal Samples in Japan

Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

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