Ongoing large mumps outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, December 2010 to July 2011

Hukić, Mirsada; Ravlija, Jelena; Ljubović, Amela Dedeić; Moro, Ana Laura Didonet; Arapčić, Suzana; Hübschen, Judith M.

doi:10.2807/ese.16.35.19959-en

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Most patients with measles were not vaccinated or had an unknown vaccination status. Gaps in the immunization program in the war (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995) and postwar period (1996)(1997)(1998) left many children susceptible to measles, rubella and mumps [4][5][6]. At the time of the current outbreak, the war generation had reached the age of 16 to 23 years, largely falling into the most affected age bracket.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009-2010 a rubella epidemic involved 1900 cases [4]. This was followed by an epidemic of mumps in 2010-2012 with 7895 reported cases [5,6] and a measles outbreak in 2014-2015. After the last measles outbreak in FB&H in 2007 caused by genotype D4 [7] until the beginning of 2014 (February) only sporadic cases of measles were reported (http://www.zzjzfbih.ba/page/6/?s=morbili).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance of the measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, February 2014–April 2015

Salimović-Bešić

Seremet

Hübschen

et al. 2016

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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A measles outbreak with two epidemic waves involving 4649 probable and laboratory-confirmed cases was recorded in six out of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between February 2014 and April 2015. The majority of the patients had never received measles vaccination (3115/4649, 67.00%), and the vaccination status of another 23% was unknown (1066/4649). A total of 281 blood samples were tested serologically. Virus detection was performed using 44 nasopharyngeal swabs. About 57% (161/281) of the laboratory-investigated sera were immunoglobulin M positive, and 95% (42/44) of the swabs were reverse transcriptase-PCR positive. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences obtained from 30 swab samples showed circulation of two variants of genotype D8, but no genotype D4 strains as detected in 2007. Similar involvement of all age groups indicates a problem with vaccine refusal resulting from antivaccination activities in addition to gaps in immunization coverage during the war and postwar period (1992-1998). Differences in ethnicity, vaccine coverage, compliance with review policies of vaccination records and potentially also travel habits may partially explain why only six of ten cantons were affected by the outbreak. The second epidemic wave may in part be due to large-scale migrations due to catastrophic floods in 2014. As a result of the epidemic, 6- to 12-month-old children may now be vaccinated against measles during outbreaks, and public health recommendations for interventions have been strengthened. Additional efforts are required to implement the measures throughout the cantons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance of the measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, February 2014–April 2015

Salimović-Bešić

Seremet

Hübschen

et al. 2016

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…For example, mumps outbreaks in the Balkans were reported in 2011 due to an interruption in vaccination programs in the 1990s 26 . Over a decade later, mumps-related cases mostly involved non-immunized children, who experienced failures in vaccine coverage from 1992 to 1998 during the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina war and post-war period 26 , 36 . In Italy, approximately 90% of emergent measles cases were related to non-immunized children.…”

Section: Long-term Problems Of the Anti-vaccination Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-vaccination movements in the world and in Brazil

Oliveira

Cardoso

Ferreira

et al. 2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…More girls than boys also acquired human herpesvirus (HHV-6), the pathogen of exanthema subitum (ES), in childhood; the acquisition of the virus was associated with female sex with the adjusted hazard ratio of 1.7 (95%CI 1.2-2.4) [4]. By contrast, more males contracted mumps in a large outbreak in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2010-2011, a pattern which was also seen in the 2010 outbreak of rubella in Bosnia and Herzegovina [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, one study reported that boys were more likely to be infected with adenovirus than girls, but no age-specific incidences were given by sex [14]. Reports by Zerr et al [4] and Hukic et al [5] described differences in morbidity for HHV-6 and mumps infections between the sexes, but did not mention age-specificity at all. In an analysis of serological surveys of the age-specific distribution of antibody to parvovirus B19, the pathogen of EI, no sex-related difference was described [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction: Age-Specific Sex-Related Differences in Infections: A Statistical Analysis of National Surveillance Data in Japan

Eshima¹,

Tokumaru²,

Hara³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Background: To prevent and control infectious diseases, it is important to understand how sex and age influence morbidity rates, but consistent clear descriptions of differences in the reported incidence of infectious diseases in terms of sex and age are sparse.Methods and Findings: Data from the Japanese surveillance system for infectious diseases from 2000 to 2009 were used in the analysis of seven viral and four bacterial infectious diseases with relatively large impact on the Japanese community. The male-to-female morbidity (MFM) ratios in different age groups were estimated to compare incidence rates of symptomatic reported infection between the sexes at different ages. MFM ratios were .1 for five viral infections out of seven in childhood, i.e. male children were more frequently reported as infected than females with pharyngoconjunctival fever, herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, mumps, and varicella. More males were also reported to be infected with erythema infectiosum and exanthema subitum, but only in children 1 year of age. By contrast, in adulthood the MFM ratios decreased to ,1 for all of the viral infections above except varicella, i.e. adult women were more frequently reported to be infected than men. Sex-and age-related differences in reported morbidity were also documented for bacterial infections. Reported morbidity for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection was higher in adult females and females were reportedly more infected with mycoplasma pneumonia than males in all age groups up to 70 years.Conclusions: Sex-related differences in reported morbidity for viral and bacterial infections were documented among different age groups. Changes in MFM ratios with age may reflect differences between the sexes in underlying development processes, including those affecting the immune, endocrine, and reproductive systems, or differences in reporting rates.

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Ongoing large mumps outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, December 2010 to July 2011

Abstract: Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance of the measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, February 2014–April 2015

Epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance of the measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, February 2014–April 2015

Anti-vaccination movements in the world and in Brazil

Correction: Age-Specific Sex-Related Differences in Infections: A Statistical Analysis of National Surveillance Data in Japan

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