One-year observations of carbonaceous and nitrogenous components and major ions in the aerosols from subtropical Okinawa Island, an outflow region of Asian dusts

Kunwar, Bhagawati; Kawamura, Kimitaka

doi:10.5194/acp-14-1819-2014

Cited by 104 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Jickells et al (2013) report a collection of rainwater WSON data sets from around the world from the studies of Cornell et al (2003Cornell et al ( , 2011 and Zhang et al (2012), resulting in an average ON contribution of 24 %. Similar contributions, ranging from 19 to 26 %, have been observed for aerosols in many other studies (Zhang et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2010;Lesworth et al, 2010;Kunwar and Kawamura, 2014;Miyazaki et al, 2014;Montero-Martinez et al, 2014). Nevertheless, lower WSON/TN contributions have been also reported: 6 % in Delaware, USA (Russell et al, 2003), 13 % in Crete (Violaki and Mihalopoulos, 2010), 16 % in the outflow from northeast India over the Bay of Bengal (Srinivas et al, 2011) and 10 % in paired urban-rural sites in Georgia (Rastogi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Atmospheric Relevancementioning

confidence: 51%

“…Notwithstanding the very likely global dominance of anthropogenic sources, natural sources of ON have been reported both in the marine (Spokes et al, 2000;Cornell et al, 2011;Mace et al, 2003a;Facchini et al, 2008;Müller et al, 2009;Miyazaki et al 2010;Kunwar et al, 2014) and continental (Miyazaki et al, 2014;Kieloaho et al, 2013;Laitinen et al, 2014) environments.…”

Section: Organic Nitrogen Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycle

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The global nitrogen (N) cycle at the beginning of the 21st century has been shown to be strongly influenced by the inputs of reactive nitrogen (N r ) from human activities, including combustion-related NO x , industrial and agricultural N fixation, estimated to be 220 Tg N yr −1 in 2010, which is approximately equal to the sum of biological N fixation in unmanaged terrestrial and marine ecosystems. According to current projections, changes in climate and land use during the 21st century will increase both biological and anthropogenic fixation, bringing the total to approximately 600 Tg N yr −1 by around 2100. The fraction contributed directly by human activities is unlikely to increase substantially if increases in nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture are achieved and control measures on combustion-related emissions implemented.Some N-cycling processes emerge as particularly sensitive to climate change. One of the largest responses to climate in the processing of N r is the emission to the atmosphere of NH 3 , which is estimated to increase from 65 Tg N yr −1 in 2008 to 93 Tg N yr −1 in 2100 assuming a change in global surface temperature of 5 • C in the absence of increased anthropogenic activity. With changes in emissions in response to increased demand for animal products the combined effect would be to increase NH 3 emissions to 135 Tg N yr −1 . Another major change is the effect of climate changes on aerosol composition and specifically the increased sublimation of NH 4 NO 3 close to the ground to form HNO 3 and NH 3 in a warmer climate, which deposit more rapidly to terrestrial surfaces than aerosols. Inorganic aerosols over the polluted regions especially in Europe and North America were dominated by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in the 1970s to 1980s, and large reductions in emissions of SO 2 have removed most of the SO 2− 4 from the atmosphere in these regions. Inorganic aerosols from anthropogenic emissions are now dominated by NH 4 NO 3 , a volatile aerosol which contributes substantially to PM 10 and human health effects globally as well as eutrophication and climate effects. The volatility of NH 4 NO 3 and rapid dry deposition of the vapour phase dissociation Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. D. Fowler et al.: Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycleproducts, HNO 3 and NH 3 , is estimated to be reducing the transport distances, deposition footprints and inter-country exchange of N r in these regions.There have been important policy initiatives on components of the global N cycle. These have been regional or country-based and have delivered substantial reductions of inputs of N r to sensitive soils, waters and the atmosphere. To date there have been no attempts to develop a global strategy to regulate human inputs to the nitrogen cycle. However, considering the magnitude of global N r use, potential future increases, and the very large leakage of N r in many forms to soils, waters and the atmosphere, international action is re...

show abstract

Section: Atmospheric Relevancementioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Organic Nitrogen Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycle

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The OC / EC ratios often used to distinguish the relative contribution of primary vs. secondary sources as well as biomass vs. fossil fuel burning sources (Turpin and Huntzicker, 1995;Castro et al, 1999;Rastogi et al, 2016). Atmospheric aerosols emitted from fossil fuel combustion are characterized by lower OC / EC ratios (< 2.0), whereas higher OC / EC ratios (> 2.0) have been used to point out the presence of secondary OA (SOA) (Cao et al, 2003;Chow et al, 1996;Kunwar and Kawamura, 2014;Pani et al, 2017) in the atmosphere with a limited impact of biomass burning. Table 2 summarizes OC / EC ratios reported for various sources of aerosol particles.…”

Section: Monthly/seasonal Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term (2001–2012) trends of carbonaceous aerosols from a remote island in the western North Pacific: an outflow region of Asian pollutants

2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The present study reports on long-term trends of carbonaceous aerosols in total suspended particulate (TSP) samples collected at Chichijima in the western North Pacific during [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012]. Seasonal variations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations showed maxima in winter to spring and minima in summer. These seasonal differences in the concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols were associated with the outflows of polluted air masses from East Asia, which are clearly distinguishable from pristine air masses from the central Pacific. The higher concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols during winter to spring are associated with long-range atmospheric transport of East Asian continental polluted air masses, whereas lower concentrations may be due to pristine air masses from the central Pacific in summer. The annual trends of OC / EC (+0.46 % yr −1 ), WSOC (+0.18 % yr −1 ) and WSOC / OC (+0.08 % yr −1 ) showed significant (p < 0.05) increases during the period of 2001-2012, suggesting that photochemical formation of WSOC and its contributions to secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) have increased over the western North Pacific via long-range atmospheric transport. We found a significant increase (+0.33 % yr −1 ) in nss-K + / EC ratios, demonstrating that concentrations of biomass-burning-derived carbonaceous aerosols have increased, while those of primary fossilfuel-derived aerosols have decreased over the western North Pacific. Further, secondary biogenic emissions are also important over the western North Pacific as inferred from a significant increase (+0.14 % yr −1 ) in the concentrations of methanesulfonate (MSA − , a tracer for biogenic sources). This point was further supported by a moderate correlation (r = 0.40) between WSOC and MSA − . We also found a significant increase in OC / TC (total carbon) and WSOC / TC ratios, further suggesting that photochemical formation of WSOC and its contributions to SOAs have increased over the western North Pacific during 2001-2012 via long-range atmospheric transport from East Asia.

show abstract

“…The Cl -concentration during the P1 period was slightly higher than that of the P2 period, which suggests a slight influence of wildfires. Table 2 summarizes the ratios of organic matter (OM, which is OA from ToF-ACSM) to OC (OM:OC), OC:EC, and WSOC:OC from the current and previous ambient measurements (Agarwal et al, 2010;Aggarwal et al, 2013;Balasubramanian et al, 2003;Engling et al, 2014;Jayarathne et al, 2018;Kunwar and Kawamura, 2014;Park and Cho, 2011;See et al, 2006See et al, , 2007Ye et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017). The OM:OC ratio of the current study (~1.8) is slightly higher than 1.6 estimated from urban air samples influenced by traffic emissions (Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Diurnal Profiles Of Aerosol Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; (b) See et al (2006); (c) Balasubramanian et al (2003); (d) Ye et al (2017); (e) Park and Cho (2011); (f) Aggarwal et al (2013); (g) Agarwal et al (2010); (h) See et al (2007); (i) Engling et al (2014); (j) Jayarathne et al (2017); (k) Kunwar and Kawamura (2014). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant contribution of oxygenated organic aerosol to haze particles from real-time observation in Singapore during an Indonesian wildfire event in 2015

Budisulistiorini¹,

Riva²,

Williams³

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

15Abstract. Recurring transboundary haze from Indonesian wildfires in previous decades significantly elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Southeast Asia. During that event on October 10 to 31, 2015, we conducted a real-time observation of non-refractory submicron PM (NR-PM 1 ) in Singapore using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer.Simultaneously, we characterized carbonaceous components and organic aerosol (OA) tracers from fine PM (PM 2.5 ) samples to support source apportionment of the online measurements. The real-time analysis demonstrated that OA accounted for 20 approximately 80% of NR-PM 1 mass during the wildfire haze period. Source apportionment analysis applied to the OA mass spectra using multilinear-engine (ME-2) approach resulted in four factors: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), peat burning OA (PBOA), and oxygenated OA (OOA). The OOA can be considered as a surrogate of both secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and oxidized primary organic aerosol (OPOA), while the other factors are considered as surrogates of primary organic aerosol (POA). The OOA accounted for approximately 50% of the total OA mass in NR-PM 1 , 25 while POA subtypes from wildfires (BBOA and PBOA) contributed to approximately 30% of the total OA mass. Our findings highlight the importance of atmospheric chemical processes, which likely include POA oxidation and SOA formation from oxidation of gaseous precursors, to the OOA concentration. As this research could not separately quantify the POA oxidation and SOA formation processes, further studies should attempt to investigate the contribution of gaseous precursors oxidation and POA aging to the OOA formation in wildfire plumes. 30

show abstract

One-year observations of carbonaceous and nitrogenous components and major ions in the aerosols from subtropical Okinawa Island, an outflow region of Asian dusts

Cited by 104 publications

References 71 publications

Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycle

Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycle

Long-term (2001–2012) trends of carbonaceous aerosols from a remote island in the western North Pacific: an outflow region of Asian pollutants

Dominant contribution of oxygenated organic aerosol to haze particles from real-time observation in Singapore during an Indonesian wildfire event in 2015

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About