Long-term (2001–2012) trends of carbonaceous aerosols from a remote island in the western North Pacific: an outflow region of Asian pollutants

Boreddy, Suresh K. R.; Haque, Md. Mozammel; Kawamura, Kimitaka

doi:10.5194/acp-18-1291-2018

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Anthropogenic SOA precursor emissions consist of ~40% alkanes, ~10% alkenes, and ~20% aromatics (mostly trimethylbenzenes, xylenes and toluene), the remaining part being oxygenated and unidentified compounds [11]. Most of the anthropogenic SOA is formed from the oxidation of substituted monoaromatic compounds and long-chain alkenes [31,51] emitted from sources such as fossil fuel burning, vehicle emissions, biomass burning, solvent use and evaporation [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. Global emission of aromatic compounds is about 18.8 Tg year −1 [61] and results in an estimated range of SOA production of 2-12 Tg year −1 [61].…”

Section: Major Sources Of Soa Precursors: Current Knowledge From Emismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Measurement-Based Methodologies to Apportion Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) in PM2.5: A Review of Recent Studies

et al. 2018

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Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is known to account for a major fraction of airborne particulate matter, with significant impacts on air quality and climate at the global scale. Despite the substantial amount of research studies achieved during these last decades, the source apportionment of the SOA fraction remains difficult due to the complexity of the physicochemical processes involved. The selection and use of appropriate approaches are a major challenge for the atmospheric science community. Several methodologies are nowadays available to perform quantitative and/or predictive assessments of the SOA amount and composition. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the most commonly used approaches to evaluate secondary organic carbon (SOC) contents: elemental carbon (EC) tracer method, chemical mass balance (CMB), SOA tracer method, radiocarbon (14C) measurement and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The principles, limitations, challenges and good practices of each of these methodologies are discussed in the present article. Based on a comprehensive—although not exhaustive—review of research papers published during the last decade (2006–2016), SOC estimates obtained using these methodologies are also summarized for different regions across the world. Conclusions of some studies which are directly comparing the performances of different methodologies are then specifically discussed. An overall picture of SOC contributions and concentrations obtained worldwide for urban sites under similar conditions (i.e., geographical and seasonal ones) is also proposed here. Finally, further needs to improve SOC apportionment methodologies are also identified and discussed.

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Section: Major Sources Of Soa Precursors: Current Knowledge From Emismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Measurement-Based Methodologies to Apportion Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) in PM2.5: A Review of Recent Studies

et al. 2018

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“…The WSOC/OC ratios exceeding 0.4 indicate the aged aerosols with the significant contribution of SOA (Boreddy et al, 2018). The average WSOC/OC ratio of 0.64 in the present study indicates that OAs in Nanjing were relatively aged.…”

Section: Carbonaceous Componentsmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were measured using a Sunset Laboratory carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) thermal-optical evolution protocol and assuming carbonate carbon to be insignificant in the sample (Boreddy et al, 2018). An area of 1.54 cm 2 of each quartz filter sample was insert in a quartz boat inside the thermal desorption chamber of the analyzer, and then stepwise heating was performed.…”

Section: Carbonaceous Components Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A filter cut of 3.14 cm 2 of each sample was extracted with 20 mL organic-free ultrapure water (resistivity >18.2 MΩ cm, Sartorius arium 611 UV) under ultrasonication for 30 min. The water extracts were then passed through a membrane disc filter to throw away the insoluble filter matrixes and analyzed for water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) using a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer (Shimadzu, TOC-Vcsh) (Boreddy et al, 2018). The analytical errors in the triplicate analyses were within 5% for all carbonaceous components and the concentrations reported here were corrected for the field blanks.…”

Section: Carbonaceous Components Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese Mega-City during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion

Haque¹,

Kawamura²,

Deshmukh³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected in a typical mega-city in China (Nanjing: 32.21&#176;&#8201;N and 118.73&#176;&#8201;E) during winter and analyzed for more than 100 compounds of twelve organic compound classes. The most abundant classes of compounds are n-alkanes (average, 205&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), followed by fatty acids (76.3&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (64.3&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), anhydro-sugars (56.3&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), fatty alcohols (40.5&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), and phthalate esters (15.2&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), whereas hydroxy-/polyacids (8.33&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), aromatic acids (7.35&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), hopanes (4.19&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), primary sugars and sugar alcohols (4.15 &#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), lignin and resin products (2.94&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), and steranes (2.46&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) are less abundant. The carbon preference index of n-alkanes (0.83&#8211;1.38) indicated that they were mainly derived from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Diagnostic concentration ratios of organic tracers suggested that PAHs and hopanes are mostly originated from coal burning and traffic emissions, respectively in Nanjing urban area. Positive matrix factorization analysis demonstrated that fossil fuel combustion is the dominant source (28.7&#8201;%) in Nanjing winter aerosols. Most of the compounds generally showed higher concentrations in nighttime than in daytime, due to the accumulation process associated with the inversion layers and increased emissions from heavy-duty trucks at night. We conclude that fossil fuel combustion largely influences the winter organic aerosols in urban Nanjing area. Based on the comparison of present results with previous studies, we found that pollution levels on organic aerosols have been decreased in the urban Nanjing atmosphere for the last decade.

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“…7b). Similarly, Boreddy et al (2018) found no correlation between sea-salt and WIOC in the western North Pacific.…”

Section: Relationships Of Wioc and Wsoc With Na + Over The Southern Omentioning

confidence: 90%

Characteristics of biogenically-derived aerosols over the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

Jung¹,

Hong²,

Chen³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. To investigate the influence of marine biological activity on aerosols, aerosol and seawater samples were collected over the Southern Ocean (43&#176;&#8201;S&#8722;70&#176;&#8201;S) and the Amundsen Sea (70&#176;&#8201;S&#8722;75&#176;&#8201;S) during the ANA06B cruise conducted in the austral summer of 2016 aboard the Korean icebreaker IBR/V Araon. Over the Southern Ocean, atmospheric methanesulfonic acid (MSA) concentration was low (0.10&#8201;&#177;&#8201;0.002&#8201;&#181;g&#8201;m&#8722;3), whereas its concentration increased sharply up to 0.57&#8201;&#181;g&#8201;m&#8722;3 in the Amundsen Sea where Phaeocystis antarctica (P. antarctica), a producer of dimethylsulfide (DMS), was the dominant phytoplankton species. Unlike MSA, mean non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42&#8722;) concentration in the Amundsen Sea was comparable to that in the Southern Ocean, suggesting significant influences of marine biological activity on atmospheric sulfur species in the Amundsen Sea. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea varied from 0.048&#8211;0.16&#8201;&#181;gC&#8201;m&#8722;3 and 0.070&#8211;0.18&#8201;&#181;gC&#8201;m&#8722;3, with averages of 0.087&#8201;&#177;&#8201;0.038&#8201;&#181;gC&#8201;m&#8722;3 and 0.097&#8201;&#177;&#8201;0.038&#8201;&#181;gC&#8201;m&#8722;3, respectively. For water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), its mean concentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea were 0.25&#8201;&#177;&#8201;0.13&#8201;&#181;gC&#8201;m&#8722;3 and 0.26&#8201;&#177;&#8201;0.10&#8201;&#181;gC&#8201;m&#8722;3, varying from 0.083&#8211;0.49&#8201;&#181;gC&#8201;m&#8722;3 and 0.12&#8211;0.38&#8201;&#181;gC&#8201;m&#8722;3, respectively. WIOC was the dominant organic carbon species in both the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea, accounting for 73&#8211;75&#8201;% of total aerosol organic carbon. WSOC and WIOC were highly enriched in the submicron sea spray particles, especially in the Amundsen Sea where biological productivity was much higher than the Southern Ocean. In addition, the submicron WIOC concentration was quite related to the relative biomass of P. antarctica, suggesting that extracellular polysaccharide mucus produced by P. antarctica was a significant factor affecting atmospheric WIOC concentration in the Amundsen Sea. The fluorescence properties of WSOC investigated using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) revealed that protein-like components were dominant in our marine aerosol samples, representing 69&#8211;91&#8201;% of the total intensity. Protein-like components also showed positive relationships with the relative biomass of diatoms; however, they were negatively correlated with the relative biomass of P. antarctica. These results suggest that protein-like components are most likely produced as a result of biological processes of diatoms, which play a crucial role in forming the submicron WSOC observed over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea, and that phytoplankton community structure is a significant factor affecting atmospheric organic carbon species. The results from this study provide significant new observational data on biogenically-derived sulfur and organic carbon species in the Amundsen Sea.

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Long-term (2001–2012) trends of carbonaceous aerosols from a remote island in the western North Pacific: an outflow region of Asian pollutants

Cited by 46 publications

References 114 publications

Comparison of Measurement-Based Methodologies to Apportion Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) in PM2.5: A Review of Recent Studies

Comparison of Measurement-Based Methodologies to Apportion Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) in PM2.5: A Review of Recent Studies

Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese Mega-City during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion

Characteristics of biogenically-derived aerosols over the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

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