One-Step Template-Free Route for Synthesis of Mesoporous N-Doped Titania Spheres

Chi, Bo; Zhao, Li; Jin, Tetsuro

doi:10.1021/jp067490n

Cited by 139 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The environment acts as a reservoir, which can give or take any amount of oxygen without changing its temperature and pressure [26]. [29], and N ions [30], it configuration of N 2 to calculate nitrogen's chemical potential by many authors [25,31]. Furthermore, this avoids the introduction of any other impurity atoms into the TiO 2 lattice besides the dopant sources themselves.…”

Section: Monodoping In Anatasementioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects on Band Gap-Narrowing in Titania by Codoping from First-Principles Calculations

2010

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The large intrinsic band gap in TiO 2 has hindered severely its potential application for visible-light irradiation. In this study, we have used a passivated approach to modify the band edges of anatase-TiO 2 by codoping of X (N, C) with transition metals (TM=W, Re, Os) to extend the absorption edge to longer visible-light wavelengths. It was found that all the codoped systems can narrow the band gap significantly; in particular, (N+W)-codoped systems could serve as remarkably better photocatalysts with both narrowing of the band gap and relatively smaller formation energies and larger binding energies than those of (C+TM) and (N+TM)-codoped systems. Our theoretical calculations provide meaningful guides for experiments to develop more powerful visible-light photocatalysts.

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Section: Monodoping In Anatasementioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects on Band Gap-Narrowing in Titania by Codoping from First-Principles Calculations

2010

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“…In those methodologies, the involved solvent, surfactant template and chemical sources of Ti and N controlled the hydrolysis, nitriding and crystallization processes and thus determined the mesoporosity of the resultant TON. 15,16 In particular, the alternative nitrogen sources to NH 3 , such as NH 4 Cl, 13 urea, 15,17,18 HMT, 19 glycine 16 and thiourea, 20 are plausible for realizing low-temperature nitriding. Solvent evaporation induced assembly (SEISA) has been demonstrated to be an excellent route to prepare meso-TiO 2 thin lms, 12 in terms of its great exibility in handling the synthesis system (solvents, surfactant templates and precursors).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2−xNx derived from the ethylenediamine-based complex

et al. 2013

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A facile solvent evaporation induced self-assembly (SEISA) strategy was developed to synthesize mesoporous N-doped anatase TiO 2 (SE-meso-TON) using a single organic complex precursor derived in situ from titanium butoxide and ethylenediamine in ethanol solution. After the evaporation of ethanol in a fume hood and subsequent calcinations at 450 C, the obtained N-doped TiO 2 (meso-TON)anatase was of finite crystallite size, developed porosity, large surface area (101 m 2 g À1) and extended light absorption in the visible region. This SE-meso-TON also showed superior photocatalytic activity to the SG-meso-TON anatase prepared via sol-gel synthesis. On the basis of characterization results from XRD, XPS, N 2 adsorption-desorption and ESR, the enhanced visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activity of SE-meso-TON was assigned to its developed mesoporosity and reduced oxygen vacancies. IntroductionMotivated by the discovery of the excellent visible-lightresponse of nitrogen-doped TiO 2 (TiO 2Àx N x , hereaer, TON),various nonmetal dopants (e.g. N, C, S, P, and halogen elements) have been extensively attempted to be doped or codoped into the TiO 2 matrix for narrowing its wide bandgap ($3.2 eV) and thus harvesting visible light. 3 Among those doped TiO 2 materials, TON is more desirable due to its low energy requirement for doping and superb performance in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.2,4-7 In practice, the mesoporous TON (meso-TON) is plausible because its large specic surface area (SSA) and developed porosity favour solar energy conversion. 4,8 Despite the fact that enormous advances have been achieved in the control of N-doping level, morphology, crystallite size and crystallinity of TiO 2Àx N x , 9-11 synthesis of mesoporous TiO 2Àx N x (meso-TON) remains a great challenge because the mesoporous structure is prone to collapse during nitriding and crystallization at elevated temperature. 8,12-14Ammonolysis is the most used nitriding technique for preparation of TON, though it occurs above 500 C. 2,10,13 Such a high ammonolysis temperature inevitably destructs the porosity of the primitive meso-TiO 2 , induces phase transition and hampers its applications in thin lm devices.2,10 In order to retain its developed porosity, a few low-temperature methodologies, such as sol-gel, 9 hydrothermal or solvothermal combined with post-nitriding, 10,11 have been developed for preparing meso-TON. In those methodologies, the involved solvent, surfactant template and chemical sources of Ti and N controlled the hydrolysis, nitriding and crystallization processes and thus determined the mesoporosity of the resultant TON. 15,16 In particular, the alternative nitrogen sources to NH 3 , such as NH 4 Cl, 13 urea, 15,17,18 HMT, 19 glycine 16 and thiourea, 20 are plausible for realizing low-temperature nitriding. Solvent evaporation induced assembly (SEISA) has been demonstrated to be an excellent route to prepare meso-TiO 2 thin lms, 12 in terms of its great exibility in handling the synthesis system (solvents, su...

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“…Urea is a common source of nitrogen for doping in mp-TiO 2 since it is readily available and easy to introduce into TiO 2 precursor sol or solid TiO 2 using a urea solution [22,56,[180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189]. In addition to being a nitrogen source, urea can contribute to forming mesopores in titania by generation of CO 2 gas bubbles during its decomposition (Equation (6)) [22,183].…”

Section: Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to being a nitrogen source, urea can contribute to forming mesopores in titania by generation of CO 2 gas bubbles during its decomposition (Equation (6)) [22,183]. For instance, the surface area of mp-TiO 2 prepared using urea was reported in one procedure to be 154 m 2 /g, but only 101 m 2 /g in mp-TiO 2 prepared using a similar method without urea [183].…”

Section: Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Non-Metal Doped Mesoporous Titania

et al. 2017

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Mesoporous titania (mp-TiO 2 ) has drawn tremendous attention for a diverse set of applications due to its high surface area, interfacial structure, and tunable combination of pore size, pore orientation, wall thickness, and pore connectivity. Its pore structure facilitates rapid diffusion of reactants and charge carriers to the photocatalytically active interface of TiO 2 . However, because the large band gap of TiO 2 limits its ability to utilize visible light, non-metal doping has been extensively studied to tune the energy levels of TiO 2 . While first-principles calculations support the efficacy of this approach, it is challenging to efficiently introduce active non-metal dopants into the lattice of TiO 2 . This review surveys recent advances in the preparation of mp-TiO 2 and their doping with non-metal atoms. Different doping strategies and dopant sources are discussed. Further, co-doping with combinations of non-metal dopants are discussed as strategies to reduce the band gap, improve photogenerated charge separation, and enhance visible light absorption. The improvements resulting from each doping strategy are discussed in light of potential changes in mesoporous architecture, dopant composition and chemical state, extent of band gap reduction, and improvement in photocatalytic activities. Finally, potential applications of non-metal-doped mp-TiO 2 are explored in water splitting, CO 2 reduction, and environmental remediation with visible light.

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One-Step Template-Free Route for Synthesis of Mesoporous N-Doped Titania Spheres

Cited by 139 publications

References 45 publications

Synergistic Effects on Band Gap-Narrowing in Titania by Codoping from First-Principles Calculations

Synergistic Effects on Band Gap-Narrowing in Titania by Codoping from First-Principles Calculations

Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2−xNx derived from the ethylenediamine-based complex

Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Non-Metal Doped Mesoporous Titania

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