“…The fabrication of urchin-like manganese oxides with various Ag + contents followed the methods reported in our previous studies. 30,51 Briefly, 0.54 g of Mn(SO 4 ) 2 •H 2 O and 0.73 g of (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 were added in 80 mL deionized water (DI) under vigorous stirring, and then concentrated H 2 SO 4 was added dropwise in the above solution to adjust the pH. Subsequently, 1.6 mL of solutions with different contents of AgNO 3 (the weight ratios are 0 wt%, 7 wt% and 126 wt% of the total mass of Mn(SO 4 ) 2 •H 2 O and (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , respectively) were slowly added to acquire three typical manganese oxides (pure α-MnO 2 , Ag-doped MnO 2 , and silver hollandite), respectively.…”