Defect engineering of electrocatalysts for metal-based battery

Liu, Xiaoni; Liu, Xiaobin; Li, Caixia; Yang, Bo; Wang, Lei

doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64168-8

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 379 publications

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“…The introduction of intrinsic defects with varying type, density, and arrangement can bring effects in the properties of 2D materials. First of all, intrinsic defects can alter the parameters of the atomic arrangement of materials and introduce additional strain to the lattice. , Additionally, they can alter the electronic structures of the materials by creating intermediate band gap states that profoundly affect the electrical transport properties of the materials. , Consequently, these alterations can trigger or enhance the reactivity of 2D materials in chemical reactions. Evidence suggests that the modulation of electronic structures is among the core contents of defect engineering. , To detect locally induced electronic modulation, researchers used electron microscopy and nanospectroscopy, as well as macroscopic characterization of electrical and mechanical properties, and heterocatalytic measurements. − For instance, Suenaga et al used STEM technique to examine and analyze three carbon sites, which represent typical coordination structures, located at the edges of graphene .…”

Section: Intrinsic Defects-related Phase Engineering In 2d Energy Nan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First of all, intrinsic defects can alter the parameters of the atomic arrangement of materials and introduce additional strain to the lattice. 75,76 Additionally, they can alter the electronic structures of the materials by creating intermediate band gap states that profoundly affect the electrical transport properties of the materials. 55,77 Consequently, these alterations can trigger or enhance the reactivity of 2D materials in chemical reactions.…”

Section: Manipulation Of Intrinsic Defects and Their Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase Engineering and Synchrotron-Based Study on Two-Dimensional Energy Nanomaterials

Sheng

Zhu

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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In recent years, there has been significant interest in the development of twodimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties for various energy applications. These properties are often derived from the phase structures established through a range of physical and chemical design strategies. A concrete analysis of the phase structures and real reaction mechanisms of 2D energy nanomaterials requires advanced characterization methods that offer valuable information as much as possible. Here, we present a comprehensive review on the phase engineering of typical 2D nanomaterials with the focus of synchrotron radiation characterizations. In particular, the intrinsic defects, atomic doping, intercalation, and heterogeneous interfaces on 2D nanomaterials are introduced, together with their applications in energy-related fields. Among them, synchrotron-based multiple spectroscopic techniques are emphasized to reveal their intrinsic phases and structures. More importantly, various in situ methods are employed to provide deep insights into their structural evolutions under working conditions or reaction processes of 2D energy nanomaterials. Finally, conclusions and research perspectives on the future outlook for the further development of 2D energy nanomaterials and synchrotron radiation light sources and integrated techniques are discussed.

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Section: Intrinsic Defects-related Phase Engineering In 2d Energy Nan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Manipulation Of Intrinsic Defects and Their Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Engineering and Synchrotron-Based Study on Two-Dimensional Energy Nanomaterials

Sheng

Zhu

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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“…and/or nonmetal (N, S, P, etc.) heteroatom doping in carbon matrices. ,,− The generation of extrinsic defects can regulate the electronic structure, create plenty of unsaturated sites, and hence offer preferable active centers for accelerating electrochemical kinetics. For example, He et al synthesized Co/N doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by grinding and subsequent calcination, which showed remarkable ORR performance .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon-based materials have been widely investigated as both ORR and SRR catalysts and gained more focus owing to their good conductivity, flexible structural tailorability, and curtailed cost. , However, pristine bulky carbon materials show poor catalytic activity due to a low specific surface area and weak adsorption affinity to oxygen and sulfur. The electrochemical performance of carbon-based materials can be greatly boosted by morphology and type of active site engineering, such as construction of nanoscale architectures and incorporation of defects. − Carbon-based materials with various nanostructures of high specific surface area and large pore volume, including nanosheets, , nanoscrolls, nanofibers, , nanotubes, − nanorods, hollow nanospheres, − nanocubes, nanocages, etc., have been constructed to expose more active sites, accommodate more reactants and products, and facilitate mass transfer. On the other hand, highly efficient catalytic active sites within carbon-based materials are equally important to electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Carbon Defects in Nitrogen and Sulfur Doped Porous Carbon Nanotubes Accelerate Oxygen Reduction and Sulfur Reduction for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Zhou

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Defects and morphology engineering is a serviceable strategy to boost the electrochemical energy conversion and storage performance of carbon-based materials. In this study, nitrogen/sulfur codoped carbon nanotubes (NS-CNTs) were first obtained via the pyrolysis of presynthesized polyaniline nanotubes with micelles composed of methyl orange and ferric chloride acting as the soft template. Furthermore, intrinsic carbon defects and mesopores were introduced to obtain etched NS-CNTs (ENS-CNTs) composites by ammonia etching. The rational combination of intrinsic/extrinsic defects and porous nanotube morphology features is beneficial to the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) performances of the ENS-CNTs electrode. The coexistence of intrinsic carbon defects and extrinsic N/S dopants can create massive catalytically active sites for electrochemical processes, while the porous one-dimensional nanotube-like carbon framework is responsible for accessibility of catalytic active sites, species hosting, electrical conductivity, mass transport, and stability. Consequently, the ENS-CNTs-30 (where 30 represents the corresponding etching time in minutes) electrode for ORR displayed a high half-wave potential of 859 mV vs RHE, a diffusion limiting current density of 6.65 mA cm–2, admirable stability, and methanol tolerance. The solid Zn–air battery (ZAB) assembled with ENS-CNTs-30 as the active material for the air cathode revealed remarkable power density (137 mW cm–2) and specific capacity (1467.4 mAh g–1 Zn). Meanwhile, the ENS-CNTs-30 electrode for SRR also demonstrated ameliorative lithium–polysulfide (LiPS) trapping capability and Li2S deposition kinetics. The lithium–sulfur battery (LSB) with ENS-CNTs-30 as sulfur host material unfolded initial capacities of 1100 and 883 mAh g–1 at 0.2 and 2 C, respectively, and a capacity retention ratio of 82.0% after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. This work provides a feasible strategy for defects and morphology engineering of multifunctional carbon-based catalysts in electrochemical energy conversion and storage fields.

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“…With the continuous expansion of market for portable electronic products and electric vehicles, the demand of people for electrochemical energy storage devices is increasing. − Metal–air batteries, especially lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs), have attracted much attention due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity density. − However, due to the inherent properties (poor conductivity for electrons and lithium ions) of its discharge product Li 2 O 2 , it is difficult to decompose efficiently after multiple cycles and then accumulate continuously, resulting in large overpotential, poor reversibility, and cycling stability of the battery. − …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Oxygen Vacancies of Cobalt Oxides in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: Morphology Control of Discharge Product

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Nano Lett.

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The discharge product Li 2 O 2 is difficult to decompose in lithium−oxygen batteries, resulting in poor reversibility and cycling stability of the battery, and the morphology of Li 2 O 2 has a great influence on its decomposition during the charging process. Therefore, reasonable design of the catalyst structure to improve the density of catalyst active sites and make Li 2 O 2 form a morphology which is easy to decompose in the charging process will help improve the performance of battery. Here, we demonstrate a series of hollow nanoboxes stacked by Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles with different sizes. The results show that the surface of the nanoboxes composed of smaller size Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles contains abundant pore structure and higher concentration of oxygen vacancies, which changes the adsorption energy of reactants and intermediates, providing more nucleation sites for Li 2 O 2 , thereby forming Li 2 O 2 with high dispersion, which is easier to decompose during charging, and eventually improve the performance of the battery. This provides an important idea for the structural design of the cathode catalyst in lithium−oxygen batteries and the regulation of Li 2 O 2 morphology.

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Defect engineering of electrocatalysts for metal-based battery

Cited by 26 publications

References 379 publications

Phase Engineering and Synchrotron-Based Study on Two-Dimensional Energy Nanomaterials

Phase Engineering and Synchrotron-Based Study on Two-Dimensional Energy Nanomaterials

Intrinsic Carbon Defects in Nitrogen and Sulfur Doped Porous Carbon Nanotubes Accelerate Oxygen Reduction and Sulfur Reduction for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Tunable Oxygen Vacancies of Cobalt Oxides in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: Morphology Control of Discharge Product

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