One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Sulfate Aerogels as Solid Superacids

Ward, David A.; Ko, Edmond I.

doi:10.1006/jcat.1994.1319

Cited by 245 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…According to the model that had been developed, the existence of sulfate group along with hydroxyl on zirconia structure could increase acid properties of the solid. The hydroxyl group ability on donating proton which took place on zirconia surface is strengthened by the electron inductive of the S=O double bonds of sulfate group [19].…”

Section: Effect Of Calcination On Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of sulfated zirconia mesopore and its application on lauric acid esterification

Rachmat

Trisunaryanti

Sutarno

et al. 2017

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Sulfated zirconia mesopore has been successfully prepared from zirconyl oxychloride using structure directing agent cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The preparation involved calcination at four different temperatures denoted as MZS (400, 500, 600, and 700°C) and three different zirconyl-to-CTAB ratios (1:1, 3:1, and 9:1). Characterization of resulting zirconia was carried out using XRD method, TEM, gas sorption analyzer, and FTIR. The acidity of zirconia evaluated by ammonia adsorption. Calcination temperatures conducted at 500, 600, and 700°C lead to crystalline structure and tetragonal phase. MZS-600 prepared at ratio 3:1 showed optimum specific surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume: 147.5 m 2 /g, 6.6 nm, and 0.396 cc/g, respectively. CTAB assisted larger pore size formation in zirconia along with higher surface area. The catalytic activity of sulfated zirconia mesopore was tested on lauric acid esterification. All sulfated zirconia mesopores prepared were able to give 99-100% conversion. The highest yield of methyl lauric 89.8% was achieved by MZS-600 prepared using CTAB to zirconyl ratio 9:1.

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Section: Effect Of Calcination On Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of sulfated zirconia mesopore and its application on lauric acid esterification

Rachmat

Trisunaryanti

Sutarno

et al. 2017

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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“…No general statement can be made as to the amount of sulfate necessary to obtain solely tetragonal zirconia because the phase composition depends also strongly on the calcination conditions (vide infra). The surface area was found to be a linear function of the sulfate content up to about 5 wt% SO 4 ; at higher contents, the data are not consistent [37,53]. Anions like sulfate, tungstate, and molybdate have the same effect, as can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Sulfate and Other Oxo-anionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxo‐Anion Modified Oxides

Jentoft

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The sections in this article are Introduction Classification Variety of Materials and Focus Target Properties Structure–Activity Relationships Effect of Sulfate and Other Oxo‐Anions Preparation Routes Formation of Primary Solid Formation of Pure Hydrous Zirconia Formation of Sulfate‐Containing Hydrous Zirconia Template‐Directed Formation of Primary Solid Commercially Available Precursors Anion‐Modification of Primary Solid Addition of Oxo‐Anions to Primary Solid in Liquid Medium Sulfation of Primary Solid via Gas Phase Introduction of Oxo‐Anions Using Solid Precursors Addition of Promoters (Optional) Promoters Structure–Activity Relationships Effect of Promoters Addition of Promoters Calcination Events Occurring During Calcination Effect of Bed Volume and Packing Effect of Calcination Temperature on Physical Properties Effect of Calcination Temperature on Catalytic Performance Effect of Holding Time Calcination: A Summary Sulfation of Thermally Treated Crystalline Oxides Sulfation with Aqueous Solutions (Solid–Liquid Phase) Sulfation via Gas Phase (Solid–Gas Phase) Sulfation of Zirconia using Solid Sulfate Precursors Addition of Noble Metals Activation Summary

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“…When molybdenum is doped in to silica zirconia mixed oxide, the generation of Brönsted and Lewis acid sites can be interpreted with the help of model proposed by Vard and Ko [49]. We can assume large formation of Si-O-Zr-O-Zr-Si structures when ZrO2 is mixed with SiO2 [50].…”

Section: Pyridine Adsorbed Ft-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoO3/SiO2-ZrO2 Catalyst: Eeffect of Calcination Temperature on Physico-chemical Properties and Activities in Nitration of Toluene

Kemdeo

2012

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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12 wt % molybdena was deposited over 1:1 silica zirconia mixed oxide support and the resultant catalyst was calcined between the 500 to 700 oC range of temperature. The samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, BET, SEM, NH3-TPD and pyridine adsorbed FT-IR techniques. Nitration of toluene was studied as a model reaction over the prepared catalysts and parameters like effect of reaction temperature, effect of various solvents, catalyst reusability are studied. It was found that conversion of toluene varies with the presence of Brönsted acid sites over the catalyst surface and para-nitrotoulene selectivity is associated with pore size of the catalyst. Over the same catalysts, nitration was extended for some other aromatics. Avoid of sulfuric acid in the present process is an interesting concern in view of green chemistry. © 2012 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

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One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Sulfate Aerogels as Solid Superacids

Cited by 245 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis and characterization of sulfated zirconia mesopore and its application on lauric acid esterification

Synthesis and characterization of sulfated zirconia mesopore and its application on lauric acid esterification

Oxo‐Anion Modified Oxides

MoO3/SiO2-ZrO2 Catalyst: Eeffect of Calcination Temperature on Physico-chemical Properties and Activities in Nitration of Toluene

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