One‐Step Slot‐Die Coating Deposition of Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Absorber for Highly Efficient Solar Cells

Abstract

Slot‐die coating is a promising technique paving the way for large‐area perovskite deposition and commercially relevant solar device fabrication with sharp control over the thickness and material composition. However, before transferring perovskite solar cells technology to commercial applications, it is required to develop ink formulations, guaranteeing high homogeneity over a wide surface and leading to large, defect‐free, and well‐crystallized perovskite grains to maximize the device performances. A one‐step slot‐die deposition route, combining ink tailoring and vacuum aspiration solvent extraction, affording the deposition of a high‐bandgap multication perovskite, is reported. One important key is the introduction of methylammonium chloride in the ink formulation, which substantially enhances the film quality over a large area. Although the efficacy of antisolvent dripping is demonstrated on a small area, it is not compatible with larger areas. This work compares the latter with a vacuum quench protocol, allowing efficient extraction of the solvents. Considering both ink formulation engineering and vacuum solvent extraction, a stabilized power conversion efficiency of up to 17.5% is reached. This constitutes, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported value for a high‐bandgap absorber deposited by slot‐die coating. Moreover, stability over 180 h under maximum power point conditions is herein demonstrated.

Slot‐Die Coating for Scalable Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

“…However, MACl addition considerably enhanced the morphology, as reported in Figure 5c,d. [91] Another strategy that combines both drying and annealing stages into one step is near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, resulting directly in a perovskite phase at room temperature. [93,94] The principle of the method involves a light-matter interaction through which the NIR light absorption by the substrate (covered with fluorine-doped tin oxide) produces enough heat that causes the solvent evaporation and annealing in a short lapse of time (≈1 min).…”

Challenges of Scalable Development for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

“…The silicon base is textured, representing the development direction of TSCs fabrication in the future. In addition, there are some excellent studies on the fabrication of wide-bandgap perovskite films on glass substrates, which show that, in principle, using the slot-die method is possible for fabricating 2T TSCs. Moreover, in the industry, the slot-die method has been successfully applied for OLED and OPV preparation. , In the current industrial preparation of perovskite films, ultra-large-area perovskites can also be considered for preparation by slot-die.…”

Promoting Large-Area Slot-Die-Coated Perovskite Solar Cell Performance and Reproducibility by Acid-Based Sulfono-γ-AApeptide

“…Unlike the small-area cells, there are only a few reports on the passivation of slot-die-coated perovskite layers. ,− Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) was added to improve the morphology of slot-die-coated MAPbI 3 , and as a result, large perovskite grains were produced . The 12% dimethyl sulfoxide-added MAPbI 3 precursor produced a homogeneous morphology of the slot-die-prepared MAPbI 3 layer .…”