One-step preparation of silver electrodeposits from non-aqueous solvents

Sousa, Natalia G.; Sousa, Camila P.; Campos, Othon Souto; Lima‐Neto, Pedro de; Correia, Adriana N.

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111091

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Another reason may be a relatively high viscosity of CEU, as a result of which the diffusion of metal ions is slowed down as it was shown for Ethaline and Reline. [10,[14][15]21] It should be noted that the electrodeposited SnÀ Ag alloy coating consists of loosely packed grains in the form of parallelepipeds (Figure 2). Most of the grains have a sizes of 3 × 2 × 2 μm.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Tin-silver Alloy Galvanostatic Electrodep...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diffusion coefficients for tin(II) and silver(I) calculated by the Randles-Sevick, Cottrell, and by equations based on the nucleation model are higher in Ethaline compared to Reline. [10,[14][15] The reason for the differences is related to the peculiarities of the intermolecular interactions of components in DES. In particular, the strength and quantity of hydrogen bonds are greater in case of Reline, and this is manifested in the difference in physical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrodeposition of a Near‐Eutectic Sn‐Ag Alloy from a Mixed Choline Chloride, Ethylene Glycol and Urea Electrolyte

2023

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Ternary mixture of choline chloride, ethylene glycol and urea (molar ratio 1 : 1 : 1) has been proposed as non-aqueous media for the electrochemical plating in galvanostatic mode of tinsilver alloy coatings. The conditions for the deposition of an alloy with a composition and melting temperature close to the eutectic, which is in demand for microassembly in the electronic industry, have been determined. The significant features on the simultaneous tin(II) and silver(I) reduction and the alloy formation are revealed. It has been determined that silver(I) is reduced from the solution both electrochemically and by the galvanic displacement with freshly deposited tin. The presence of silver on the surface of the coatings initiates underpotential tin(II) reduction. The interactions of components in the non-aqueous electrolyte have been studied for the first time by IR spectroscopy, and the formation of coordination compounds between tin(II) and silver(I) ions and solvent molecules has been revealed.

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Section: Characteristics Of Tin-silver Alloy Galvanostatic Electrodep...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of a Near‐Eutectic Sn‐Ag Alloy from a Mixed Choline Chloride, Ethylene Glycol and Urea Electrolyte

2023

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“…Electroplating baths of nitrate [1][2][3][4], uracil [5], thiourea [6], 2-hydroxypyridine [7,8], 5,5-dimethylhydantoin [9,10], ferrocyanide-thiocyanide [11,12], ionic liquids [13][14][15] have been proposed. However, industrial use of these baths is still restricted because their use does not achieve coating of high brightness, compactness, and adhesion; the baths lack stability and the complexing agents are expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of silver electrodeposition from pyrophosphate-cyanide and high concentration cyanide electrolytes in the presence of brighteners

Akben¹,

Timur²

2020

Turk J Chem

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A study of the electrodeposition of silver from 2 different types of electrolytes; (1) neutral pyrophosphatecyanide electrolyte and (2) alkaline high concentrated cyanide electrolyte in the presence of a variety of additives such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, potassium selenocyanate, and potassium antimony tartrate was performed. Influence of additives and cyanide concentration on microstructure and kinetics of the cathodic processes were studied. A brightener couple, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and potassium antimony tartrate, were combined within this investigation and detected to be highly effective for silver electrodeposition. The rapid increase in current density at the same potential interval related to grain refinement effect of potassium antimony tartrate was shown. The cyclic organic compound, 2mercaptobenzothiazole, polarizes the reduction to high cathodic potential in pyrophosphate electrolyte. However, the sufficient levelling effect required for the mirror-bright appearance seems to be related to the high polarizing effect of the high concentration cyanide content. In the case of pyrophosphate electrolytes, sufficient levelling cannot be achieved, so semigloss coatings are obtained. The low cathodic potential electrodeposition of silver in pyrophosphate electrolyte, which is found to proceed by 3D instantaneous nucleation, is polarized to high cathodic potentials and grows into 3D progressive nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth in high concentration cyanide electrolyte.

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“…For example, several previous research efforts have electrodeposited noble-metal nanoparticles and nanodendrites on planar electrodes composed of carbon, 37,38 Au, 39,40 fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), 41 or Pt. 42…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even in research/academic settings, electroplating has been only used to modify/functionalize existing electrodes but not to convert inexpensive metallic substrates (which are not suitable for use as electrodes in their current form) into noble-metal electrodes. For example, several previous research efforts have electrodeposited noble-metal nanoparticles and nanodendrites on planar electrodes composed of carbon, , Au, , fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or Pt …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inexpensive, Three-Dimensional, Open-Cell, Fluid-Permeable, Noble-Metal Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Electrocatalysis

Kazi

Routsi

Kaur

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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This study describes the fabrication of three-dimensional, open-cell, noble-metal (Au, Ag, and Pt) electrodes that have a complex geometry, i.e., wire mesh, metallic foam, "origami" wire mesh, and helix wire mesh. The electrodes were fabricated using an ultrasonication-assisted electroplating method that deposits a thin, continuous, and defect-free layer of noble metal (i.e., Au, Ag, or Pt) on an inexpensive copper substrate that has the desired geometry. The method is inexpensive, easy to use, and capable of fabricating noble-metal electrodes of complex geometries that cannot be fabricated using established techniques like screen printing or physical vapor deposition. By minimizing the amount of the pure noble metal in the electrodes, their cost drops significantly and could become low enough even for single-use applications; for example, the cost of metal in a Au wire-mesh electrode is $0.007/cm 2 of exposed area that is about 400 times lower than that of a wire-mesh electrode composed entirely of Au. The electrodes exhibit an almost identical electrochemical performance to noble-metal electrodes of similar shape composed of bulk noble metal; therefore, these electrodes could replace two-dimensional noble-metal electrodes (e.g., rods, disks, foils) in numerous electroanalytical and electrocatalytical systems or even allow the use of noble-metal electrodes in new applications such as flow-based electrochemical systems. In this study, wire-mesh and metallic foam noble-metal electrodes have been successfully used as working electrodes for the electrocatalytical oxidation of methanol and for the electrochemical detection of redox mediators, lead ions, and nitrobenzene using various electroanalytical techniques.

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One-step preparation of silver electrodeposits from non-aqueous solvents

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Electrodeposition of a Near‐Eutectic Sn‐Ag Alloy from a Mixed Choline Chloride, Ethylene Glycol and Urea Electrolyte

Electrodeposition of a Near‐Eutectic Sn‐Ag Alloy from a Mixed Choline Chloride, Ethylene Glycol and Urea Electrolyte

A comparative study of silver electrodeposition from pyrophosphate-cyanide and high concentration cyanide electrolytes in the presence of brighteners

Inexpensive, Three-Dimensional, Open-Cell, Fluid-Permeable, Noble-Metal Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Electrocatalysis

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