Point-of-care devices were originally designed to allow medical testing at or near the point of care by health-care professionals. Some point-of-care devices allow medical self-testing at home but cannot fully cover the growing diagnostic needs of eHealth systems that are under development in many countries. A number of easy-to-use, network-connected diagnostic devices for self-testing are needed to allow remote monitoring of patients’ health. This Outlook highlights the essential characteristics of diagnostic devices for eHealth settings and indicates point-of-care technologies that may lead to the development of new devices. It also describes the most representative examples of simple-to-use, point-of-care devices that have been used for analysis of untreated biological samples.

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Nanocrystalline ZSM‐5 was prepared using propyltriethoxysilane. Materials were characterized by a complementary combination of X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, and scanning electron microscopy. Transition‐metal ion exchanged nanocrystalline ZSM‐5‐modified electrodes were constructed for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose and methanol. A non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on a Ni2+‐exchanged nanocrystalline ZSM‐5‐modified electrode exhibits the highest sensing ability, whereas the corresponding Cu2+‐exchanged electrode exhibits the highest current sensitivity for glucose oxidation. Among the variety of electrodes modified with transition‐metal ion exchanged nanocrystalline ZSM‐5, the Ni2+‐exchanged electrode exhibits high current sensitivity and sensing ability in methanol oxidation. Electrocatalytic activity of conventional ZSM‐5‐modified electrodes was significantly low compared to nanocrystalline ZSM‐5‐modified electrodes. Enhancement in the electrocatalytic activities of nanocrystalline ZSM‐5‐modified electrodes can be correlated with the enhanced accessibility of glucose/methanol to M2+ active centers in the nanocrystalline ZSM‐5 owing to its large specific surface area and intercrystalline mesopores. The sensor was applied directly to determine glucose concentration in adult human blood serum, and the precision of the method was found to be satisfactory. The non‐enzymatic sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and antifouling ability for direct determination of glucose in human blood serum.

Cerium oxide (CeO2) decorated nanocrystalline zeolite (Nano-ZSM-5) nanocomposites with different weight ratios were prepared by the calcination of a physical mixture of nanocrystalline CeO2 and Nano-ZSM-5. Materials were characterized by the complementary combination of X-ray diffraction, N2-adsorption, transmission electron microscopic, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic techniques. The material was investigated as a precious-metal-free electrode catalyst for methanol oxidation. The electrochemical oxidation of methanol was investigated at a CeO2/Nano-ZSM-5 modified glassy-carbon electrode in alkaline medium using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. Comparative investigations were made with commercial Pt(20%)/C catalyst with respect to current density, stability, and CO tolerance capacity. CeO2/Nano-ZSM-5 with a weight ratio of 30% exhibited remarkably high electrocatalytic activity in the methanol oxidation in comparison to nanocrystalline CeO2 and commercial Pt (20%)/C catalyst. The material was found to exhibit stable electrocatalytic activity even after 1000 cycles. High electrocatalytic activity in the methanol oxidation can be attributed to the synergistic contribution provided by CeO2 nanocrystals and Brønsted acidity of the high-surface-area Nano-ZSM-5. Results demonstrate that the excellent current density and high stability of CeO2/Nano-ZSM-5 would be valuable for its commercial application in direct methanol fuel cells.

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