One-Step Fabrication of Low-Resistance Conductors on 3D-Printed Structures by Laser-Induced Graphene

Gilavan, Mehraneh Tavakkoli; Rahman, Saifur; Minhas-Khan, Aamir; Nambi, Suresh; Grau, Gerd

doi:10.1021/acsaelm.1c00480

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The feed rate of 300 mm min −1 and power of 35% result in the lowest sheet resistance of 7.86 Ω sq −1 . Same as other reports, [ 44,45 ] it is also shown here that sheet resistance of the square is lower than the line for most of the power and feed rates, which is due to more pulses overlapping in the square pattern. With larger power, the sheet resistance increases because of LIG ablation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The feed rate of 300 mm min −1 and power of 35% result in the lowest sheet resistance of 7.86 Ω sq −1 . Same as other reports, [44,45] it is also shown here that sheet resistance of the square is lower than the line for most of the The feed rate of 1000 mm min -1 and power of 35% for lines are held constant, while for squares the constant feed rate and power are 500 mm min -1 and 35%, respectively. XPS results show the effect of power on c) carbon and d) oxygen and nitrogen contents.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

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Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrodes for Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs)

Nazeri

Ghalamboran

Grau

2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have drawn significant interest because of their low cost, biocompatibility, and ease of fabrication, allowing them to be utilized in various applications including flexible displays, electrochemical sensing, and biosensing. Key components of OECTs are the gate, source, and drain electrodes. Herein, OECTs with laser‐induced graphene (LIG) electrodes are demonstrated. The electrode patterns for the source, drain, and gate are created by converting the polymer substrate polyimide (PI) into LIG using a scanned laser. The process is simple and inexpensive without complicated chemical synthesis routines or expensive materials such as gold. Patterns can be customized quickly and digitally. The low‐cost and porous LIG electrodes with low contact resistance and good electrical stability play an essential role in device performance. The minimum sheet resistance achieved with this laser method for the square patterned electrodes is 7.86 Ω sq−1. The LIG‐based OECTs demonstrate good electrical modulation with ON–OFF ratio of 72.80 and high ON current on the order of mA. The LIG‐based OECTs exhibit comparable or better performance in comparison with other reports of OECTs on plastic substrates using more complex fabrication methods in terms of OFF current, ON current, transconductance (gm), and contact resistance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The feed rate of 300 mm min −1 and power of 35% result in the lowest sheet resistance of 7.86 Ω sq −1 . Same as other reports, [44,45] it is also shown here that sheet resistance of the square is lower than the line for most of the The feed rate of 1000 mm min -1 and power of 35% for lines are held constant, while for squares the constant feed rate and power are 500 mm min -1 and 35%, respectively. XPS results show the effect of power on c) carbon and d) oxygen and nitrogen contents.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrodes for Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs)

Nazeri

Ghalamboran

Grau

2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…The D and G peaks of PSN 2 /TiB 2 composites appear after pyrolysis, which indicate an effective transition from amorphous carbon to graphitic carbon in PSN 2 /TiB 2 composites. This is similar to the phenomenon of the many literature studies on laser-induced carbon-containing polymers producing graphene or graphite, ,,− even with different lasers such as ultraviolet. But these research studies only analyzed the transition of free carbon after laser processing.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

In Situ Laser Fabrication of Polymer-Derived Ceramic Composite Thin-Film Sensors for Harsh Environments

Cui

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) is considered an excellent sensing material for harsh environments such as aero-engines and nuclear reactors. However, there are many inherent limitations not only in pure PDC but also in its common fabrication method by furnace thermolysis. Therefore, this study proposes a novel method of rapid in situ fabrication of PDC composite thin-film sensors by laser pyrolysis. Using this method with different fillers, a sensitive PDC composite film layer with high-quality graphite can be obtained quickly, which is more flexible and efficient compared to the traditional furnace thermolysis. Furthermore, this study analyzes the reaction differences between laser pyrolysis and furnace thermolysis. The laser pyrolysis method principally produces β-SiC and enhances the graphitization of amorphous carbon, while the degree of graphitization by furnace thermolysis is low. In addition, it is capable of rapidly preparing an insulating PDC composite film, which still has a resistance of 5 MΩ at 600 °C. As a proof of this method, the PDC composite thin-film strain sensors are fabricated in situ on nickel alloys and aluminum oxide substrates, respectively. The sensor fabricated on the nickel alloy with a high gauge factor of over 100 can be used in high-temperature environments below 350 °C without the protection of an oxidation-resistant coating. In this way, the approach pioneers the in situ laser fabrication of functional PDC films for sensors, and it has great potential for the in situ sensing of complex curved surfaces in harsh environments.

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“…[16] Another interesting optical approach is to use an engraving laser to transform the polymer surface of the print into graphene. [17,18] This laser-induced graphene (LIG) is limited to a few high-temperature materials such as polyetherimide (PEI), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and polysulfone (PSU). The LIG is very flexible yet limited in conductivity and durability.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adem202301711mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Roughness 3D‐Printed Surfaces by Ironing for the Integration with Printed Electronics

Neuhaus,

Idris,

Naderi

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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The roughness of 3D‐printed surfaces poses a challenge when integrating fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing with printed electronics, leading to inconsistencies and breaks in the circuit traces. To improve the surface roughness, we propose an ironing toolpath. The ironing toolpath involves the hot nozzle going over the printed surface with finer line spacing, remelting the surface to fill gaps, and creating a smooth finish. For further optimization, various ironing parameters are investigated including flow, speed, line spacing, and temperature. A wide range of materials is tested, including commonly used low‐temperature filaments (PLA, PETG, ABS) and high‐temperature filaments (PSU, PEI, PEEK) suitable for integration with printed electronics and medical applications. To collect the extensive datasets an automated measurement system is deployed. With this method, surface roughness reductions of up to 96.6% are achieved and significant trends are identified. Lastly, the integration of 3D printing with electronics is demonstrated by printing a high‐resolution strain gauge structure on top of an ironed surface and embedding it into fully printed tweezers which could be used in medical robotics. The insights on ironing extend beyond electronics and can also be valuable in other areas where low surface roughness of FFF‐printed parts is required.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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One-Step Fabrication of Low-Resistance Conductors on 3D-Printed Structures by Laser-Induced Graphene

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrodes for Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs)

Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrodes for Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs)

In Situ Laser Fabrication of Polymer-Derived Ceramic Composite Thin-Film Sensors for Harsh Environments

Low‐Roughness 3D‐Printed Surfaces by Ironing for the Integration with Printed Electronics

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