One Step Closer: The Politics and the Economics of China’s Strategy in Brazil and the Case of the Electric Power Sector

Becard, Danielly Ramos; Lessa, Antônio Carlos; Silveira, Laura Urrejola

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35614-9_3

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although the views of Latin American scholars tend to be predominantly critical of the medium-and long-term implications of China -Latin America relations, Latin American governments continue to deepen their economic and financial ties with Beijing. China is an important provider of monetary resources through investments and loans (Oviedo, 2016;Sevares, 2016;Becard, Lessa & Silveira, 2020;Bernal-Meza & Li Xing, 2020;Dussel Peters, 2021) and provides Latin American countries with a market for their primary exports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Prospects for China - Latin America Relations from the Perspective of Latin American Scholars

Bernal-Meza

2022

Vestn. Ross. univ. družby nar., Ser. Meždunar. otnoš.

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The research reveals Latin American academic thought on the relationship between Latin America countries and China. The relevance of the topic is linked to the growing importance and presence of China in the foreign policy of Latin American countries, whose bilateral relations are developing against a backdrop of growing US - China tensions. Today, China is one of the key economic partners of several Latin American countries, as well as implementing a number of infrastructure projects on the continent. This forces Latin America to choose between traditional ties of dependence vis-à-vis Washington and increasing economic and investment cooperation with Beijing. Methodologically the article is based on the study and interpretation of the ideas of Latin American scholars and experts gathered from secondary sources, monographs and academic articles. The author puts forward two hypotheses based on the existence of two conjectures. The first hypothesis is that there is no consensus among Latin American scholars and representatives of research centers about the impact of China’s bilateral relations with the countries of the region in the logic of the core-periphery model on the economic development of Latin America. The second hypothesis is that the views of the local academic community have little or even no influence on the decisions Latin American governments make regarding China. The author concludes that at a time when Latin America is going through a crisis cycle of integration processes the region is unable to take a unified position on the issue of assessing China’s performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Prospects for China - Latin America Relations from the Perspective of Latin American Scholars

Bernal-Meza

2022

Vestn. Ross. univ. družby nar., Ser. Meždunar. otnoš.

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“…Many observers have found that China’s growing economic ties with Latin America are bringing China stronger, if not dominant, political influence over the region as Latin American countries, especially those in South America, have been siding more and more with China on global issues including not only economic ones like ways of economic development but also political ones like those about sovereignty, non-intervention, and even human rights (Bernal-Meza, 2020a, 2020b; Becard et al, 2020; Strüver, 2014). It is also found that China especially likes to use its growing economic muscle as “sticks and/or carrots” to influence Latin American countries’ relations with Taiwan: countries that have formal diplomatic ties with Taiwan are facing huge restrictions on their access to the Chinese market and loans (Liang, 2019; Yang and Lee, 2020).…”

Section: Comparing China’s Policy Goals Then and Nowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, China officially invited Latin American countries to join its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which is a Chinese project to build a vast global network of transportation, energy, and telecommunication infrastructures and, with that network, promote international economic cooperation involving trade and investment, at the Second Ministerial Meeting of China–CELAC Forum in 2018 where China promoted its BRI as a “new platform for mutually beneficial cooperation” between the two sides (Liang, 2019: 439). As a result, to obtain the rich infrastructure financing offered by China, Panama became the first country in the region to sign an agreement with China for the BRI, with many other Latin American countries following suit at a later point (Becard et al, 2020; Yang and Lee, 2020).…”

Section: Comparing China’s Policy Goals Then and Nowmentioning

confidence: 99%

China in Latin America Then and Now: A Systemic Constructivist Analysis of China’s Foreign Policy

Chen

2021

Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

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Examining China’s policy towards Latin America from 1949 to the present day, this article uncovers a puzzle about China in Latin America: while the guiding doctrine of China’s policy towards the region has never changed (i.e. “South–South Cooperation” on the basis of the “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence”), there is a difference in terms of its policy goal between then and now (i.e. a very revisionist and politically focused goal until the late 1970s as compared to a less revisionist and economically focused one today). Based on the theory of systemic constructivism, this article demonstrates that the change of the interactions between China and other countries in our world (from isolation and confrontation to engagement and interdependence) has changed China’s perception about the nature of the international system, as well as its identity and interests in the system, which in turn has changed its policy goal towards Latin America and the “Global South” in general.

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“…Isso afetou igualmente a posição do Brasil como a principal economia para seus vizinhos. No plano interno, a presença econômica chinesa parece estar condicionando a eventual autonomia do desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico brasileiro, ao exercer um crescente controle sobre a estrutura energética no setor elétrico (Becard, Lessa e Silveira, 2020;Becard, 2017).…”

Section: Alinhamento Com Washington Incertezas Quanto a Pequimunclassified

Bolsonaro versus Rio Branco: transição hegemônica, América do Sul e política externa*

Vidigal

Bernal-Meza

2020

Rev. relac. int. estrateg . segur .

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O artigo parte da hipótese de uma transição hegemônica do poder norte-americano para o chinês, a partir do qual é possível propor um contraponto da atual inserção internacional do Brasil com a que ocorreu na transição da hegemonia britânica para a norte-americana, com o surgimento de desafios equivalentes aos experimentados no início da República. Na primeira parte é apresentada a trajetória da política exterior brasileira, do final do século XIX à década de 1950, quando surgiram as primeiras críticas à ordem internacional do pós-guerra. A segunda parte trata do recente processo de globalização, da forma como o Brasil tem tratado a ascensão da China e os avanços e recuos na integração sul-americana. Na terceira parte, a política externa de Rio Branco, as relações com a Grã-Bretanha, Estados Unidos e os países latino-americanos são comparadas com a política externa proposta pelo governo Bolsonaro e em quanto a nova política se diferencia da política externa universalista dos governos de Lula. Nas conclusões, propõe-se uma hipótese prospectiva, pensando no desenho de cenários internacionais e globais para o país.

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One Step Closer: The Politics and the Economics of China’s Strategy in Brazil and the Case of the Electric Power Sector

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Dynamics and Prospects for China - Latin America Relations from the Perspective of Latin American Scholars

Dynamics and Prospects for China - Latin America Relations from the Perspective of Latin American Scholars

China in Latin America Then and Now: A Systemic Constructivist Analysis of China’s Foreign Policy

Bolsonaro versus Rio Branco: transição hegemônica, América do Sul e política externa*

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