“One Single Agriculture”: Dismantling Policies and Silencing Peasant Family Farmers in Brazilian Foreign Policy (2016-2022)

Abstract

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Mobilising international embeddedness to resist radical policy change and dismantling: the case of Brazil under Jair Bolsonaro (2019–2022)

“…5 Among the scholarly community, certain aligned with the more established currents of Foreign Policy Analysis and expounded upon paradigmatic shifts in voting trends at the United Nations (UN) and bilateral diplomatic interactions (involving nations like the United States, China, and South American counterparts) (Casarões, 2020;Lopes et al, 2022). Others relied on transnational policy frameworks to unpack radical policy change and dismantling in specific foreign policy agendas, including international human rights stances (Silva do Monte & De Carvalho Hernandez, 2022) and international development cooperation and policy transfer initiatives (Grisa et al, 2022;Lima et al, 2022;Luiz & Milani, 2022;. Besides revealing the contours of (radical) foreign policy change between 2019 and 2022, this scholarship also highlighted instances of policy resilience and continuity amidst an aggressive presidential dismantling rhetoric (Casarões, 2020;Lopes, 2020;Morais de Sá e Silva, 2021;De Sá Guimarães & De Oliveira e Silva, 2021;Lopes et al, 2022).…”

“…11 At the same time, scholarship has also mapped evolving forms of individual and collective, formal and informal, public and behind the scene bureaucratic responses since the 2016 impeachment and even more so since 2019, under Bolsonaro (Lotta et al, 2023). Responses by those working on foreign policy issues have been less systematically explored in the literature, but existing studies have described bureaucratic strategies such as partnering with UN entities to secure the continuity of international projects and individuals moving to work with international and non-governmental organisations to carry on disseminating Brazil's "policy solutions" (e.g., Morais de Sá e Silva 2019; Lima et al, 2022). More recent anecdotal evidence also shows subversive types of collective mobilisation, such as a network of Brazilian diplomats that held secret meetings to sabotage Bolsonaro's foreign policy and ensure Brazilian credibility and longstanding partnerships with third countries (Chade, 2022).…”

“…Yet the global circulation of Brazilian policy knowledge-and hence the international embeddedness of "Brazil-grown" policies, as discussed here-is not exclusively driven by official initiatives or state institutions and bureaucrats. As a matter of fact, a range of actors and individuals (including experts, representatives of non-governmental organisations, and international civil servants) acting alongside but also at the margins of official governmental initiatives also participate in the diffusion and thus internationalisation of Brazilian policy knowledge (Morais de Sá e Silva 2017; Porto de Oliveira 2017;Luiz & Milani, 2022;Lima et al, 2022;. Such engagement of both state and non-state actors in the global diffusion of Brazilian policy knowledge through actively participating in multilateral specialised fora and in development cooperation projects is key to the understanding of the emerging forms of transnational mobilisation to respond to radical policy change and dismantling from within state bureaucracies as well as from actors belonging to non-state policy and epistemic communities in the last years discussed here.…”

“…international organisations, such as the Brazil-WFP Centre of Excellence and the Brazil-FAO International Cooperation Programme (Lima et al, 2022;Luiz & Milani, 2022;. What is more, the Brazilian government, through FNDE, kept transferring funds to UN entities to run South-South cooperation activities.…”

O sindicalismo rural brasileiro na política externa: narrativas e oportunidades de incidência política desenvolvidas pela Contag

“…O desmantelamento das políticas domésticas e dos espaços institucionais engajados no tema da agricultura familiar afetou uma parte importante da construção narrativa que dava abertura política para a incidência da Contag em política externa: a lógica de coexistência institucional entre os dois modelos de desenvolvimento (LUIZ, MILANI, 2022). Com a internalização da agenda da agricultura familiar no Mapa, restou o discurso de uma única agricultura, incompatível com a lógica até então desenvolvida pela narrativa da política externa de exportação de dois modelos de desenvolvimento (LUIZ, MILANI, 2022;SERAFIM, 2022).…”