One-pot transformation of polysaccharides via multi-catalytic processes

Li, Hu; Bhadury, Pinaki S.; Riisager, Anders; Yang, Song

doi:10.1039/c4cy00711e

Cited by 71 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 368 publications

(388 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to existing substrates, recently developed technologies for EL production from novel substrates such as CMF have been explored for producing EL 133 …”

Section: Synthesis Of El From Chloromethyl Furfural (Cmf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic and mechanistic insights into the production of ethyl levulinate from biorenewable feedstocks

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of ethyl levulinate (EL) as a fuel additive and a potential biomassderived platform molecule is noteworthy. EL is obtained from the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) in presence of ethanol. Besides LA, the acid-catalyzed ethanolysis reaction to produce EL is carried out on a variety of biomass-derived substrates which include; furfuryl alcohol (FAL), chloromethyl furfural, monosaccharides, polysaccharides and lignocellulosic biomass. The acid catalysts employed for such conversions covers a wide range of structure and properties. The nature of acid catalysts and the key intermediates formed during the reaction dictates the overall yield of the desired product. For example, in the ethanolysis reaction of FAL to produce EL, diethyl ether (DEE) and ethoxymethylfuran (EMF) produced as side products are suggested to influence the selectivity of EL. Similarly, in the ethanolysis of glucose, formation of ethyl-Dglucopyranoside (EDGP) resulted into a slow conversion to produce EL. The review, therefore; is focused on highlighting the importance of catalyst structure, acidity, reaction mechanism and the role of key intermediates in the production of EL from biorenewable resources.EL could either be synthesized directly from biomass or via the transformation of LA, or FAL 20 or chloromethyl furfural (CMF) 23 . All of the suggested reaction routes essentially contain an ethanolysis step in the presence of an acid catalyst. In general, an understanding of the mechanistic routes of product formation, dictates the development of a suitable process for achieving higher yield 24,25 . This could be further strengthened by the design of a suitable homogeneous acid, solid acid or ionic liquid based acid catalysts. On catalytic processing, EL could be converted into an array of higher value chemicals. This review comprehensively covers all the suggested ways of EL production and applications detailing key mechanistic insights, catalytic properties and reaction conditions. Importance of EL as a Fuel AdditiveAlkyl levulinates have shown considerable promises for blending in gasoline and diesel engines, owing to their reduced sulfur content, high lubricity, improved flow properties and flash point stability 20 . The candidate LA esters for this application are methyl, ethyl 26 and butyl levulinates, 23 measuring anti-knocking index of value 106.5, 107.5 and 102.5 respectively 27 . Out of three levulinates, methyl levulinate (ML) is miscible with water and is difficult to separate. With gasoline, ML is lesser miscible and under cold flow conditions is not suitable to blend.Compared to butyl levulinate (BL), EL shows better solubility with diesel range fuels containing higher aromatics 14 . Moreover, NOx emissions were lowered by about 4% on EL blend in diesel as compared to the BL blend. Higher NOx emissions could be attributed to the dilution of lube oil and deposits in combustion chamber, which was observed to be a major problem with BL blended fuels. Furthermore, when propanol or higher alcohols are used for the...

show abstract

“…In addition to existing substrates, recently developed technologies for EL production from novel substrates such as CMF have been explored for producing EL 133 …”

Section: Synthesis Of El From Chloromethyl Furfural (Cmf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic and mechanistic insights into the production of ethyl levulinate from biorenewable feedstocks

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, differing from Jin et al's results, LA yields up to 57% could be gained within 3 min at 250°C. In connection with the interesting work employing Ba(OH) 2 as the basic catalyst in the production of LA from biomass, Qi research group presented two interesting and valuable results ( [41]. In addition, based on their experimental results, they also proposed the reaction mechanism (Figure 3).…”

Section: Alkaline Catalytic Manners For Lamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Due to the burgeoning world population, demands for energy and chemicals are sharply increasing. erefore, traditional nonrenewable fossil resources, particularly coal and petroleum, are going to be run out, and their concomitantly environmental and climatological impacts are also urgently needed to be addressed in the meantime [1][2][3][4]. With regards to this, alternatively manners to transform renewable, sustainable, and carbon-neutral biomass resources from plants into potential biofuels, polymer building blocks, and value-added chemicals are widely researched.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemocatalytic Production of Lactates from Biomass-Derived Sugars

Zhang

et al. 2018

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to the exploration of alternative and sustainable resources to produce biofuels and valuable chemicals, with aims of reducing the reliance on depleting confined fossil resources and alleviating serious economic and environmental issues. In line with this, lignocellulosic biomass-derived lactic acid (LA, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid), to be identified as an important biomass-derived commodity chemical, has found wide applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In spite of the current fermentation of saccharides to produce lactic acid, sustainability issues such as environmental impact and high cost derived from the relative separation and purification process will be growing with the increasing demands of necessary orders. Alternatively, chemocatalytic approaches to manufacture LA from biomass (i.e., inedible cellulose) have attracted extensive attention, which may give rise to higher productivity and lower costs related to product work-up. is work presents a review of the state-of-the-art for the production of LA using homogeneous, heterogeneous acid, and base catalysts, from sugars and real biomass like rice straw, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding bio-based esters lactate which could serve as green solvents, produced from biomass with chemocatalysis, is also discussed. Advantages of heterogeneous catalytic reaction systems are emphasized. Guidance is suggested to improve the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts for the production of LA.

show abstract

“…However, the use and gradual depletion of fossil resource needs people to face and solve a series of problems, such as environmental pollution, greenhouse effect, and energy crisis [2]. The development of renewable energy is thus highly demanded, where biomass source is the only sustainable carbon feedstock, showing great potential for practical applications [3]. Lignocellulose is abundant in nature, which has been demonstrated to be capable of being efficiently converted to a series of high valuable chemicals and biofuels through chemo-catalytic reactions coupled with well-designed processes [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids-Enabled High Selectivity in Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone

Wu¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Catalytic upgrading of bio-based platform molecules is one of promising approaches for biomass valorization. However, most solid catalysts are thermally and/or chemically unstable and difficult to prepare. In this study, a stable organic phosphonate-hafnium solid catalyst (PPOA-Hf) was synthesized, and acid-base bifunctional sites were found to play a cooperative role in the cascade transfer hydrogenation and cyclization of ethyl levulinate (EL) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). Under relatively mild reaction conditions of 160 ºC for 6 h, EL was completely converted to GVL in a good yield of 85%. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 53 kJ/mol, which was lower than other solid catalysts for the same reaction. In addition, the PPOA-Hf solid catalyst did not significantly decrease its activity after five recycles, and no evident leaching of Hf was observed, indicating its high stability and potential practical application.

show abstract

One-pot transformation of polysaccharides via multi-catalytic processes

Cited by 71 publications

References 368 publications

Catalytic and mechanistic insights into the production of ethyl levulinate from biorenewable feedstocks

Catalytic and mechanistic insights into the production of ethyl levulinate from biorenewable feedstocks

Chemocatalytic Production of Lactates from Biomass-Derived Sugars

Acid-Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids-Enabled High Selectivity in Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

One-pot transformation of polysaccharides via multi-catalytic processes

Cited by 71 publications

References 368 publications

Catalytic and mechanistic insights into the production of ethyl levulinate from biorenewable feedstocks

Catalytic and mechanistic insights into the production of ethyl levulinate from biorenewable feedstocks

Chemocatalytic Production of Lactates from Biomass-Derived Sugars

Acid-Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids-Enabled High Selectivity in Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to &gamma;-Valerolactone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Acid-Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids-Enabled High Selectivity in Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone