Chemocatalytic Production of Lactates from Biomass-Derived Sugars

Abstract

In recent decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to the exploration of alternative and sustainable resources to produce biofuels and valuable chemicals, with aims of reducing the reliance on depleting confined fossil resources and alleviating serious economic and environmental issues. In line with this, lignocellulosic biomass-derived lactic acid (LA, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid), to be identified as an important biomass-derived commodity chemical, has found wide applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In spite of the current fermentation of saccharides to produce lactic acid, sustainability issues such as environmental impact and high cost derived from the relative separation and purification process will be growing with the increasing demands of necessary orders. Alternatively, chemocatalytic approaches to manufacture LA from biomass (i.e., inedible cellulose) have attracted extensive attention, which may give rise to higher productivity and lower costs related to product work-up. is work presents a review of the state-of-the-art for the production of LA using homogeneous, heterogeneous acid, and base catalysts, from sugars and real biomass like rice straw, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding bio-based esters lactate which could serve as green solvents, produced from biomass with chemocatalysis, is also discussed. Advantages of heterogeneous catalytic reaction systems are emphasized. Guidance is suggested to improve the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts for the production of LA.

Optimizing lactic acid production for agricultural wastes revalorization via sugars hydrothermal conversion with zirconia-based catalysts: response surface methodology

“…These results are consistent with those obtained in acidity assessment and could be explained with the notably differences in amount, density and strength of acid sites observed (Section 3.1). As reported in numerous works [27,32,55],…”

Progress of Catalytic Valorization of Bio-Glycerol with Urea into Glycerol Carbonate as a Monomer for Polymeric Materials

“…(2) the (HEIm) 2 ZnBr 2 was incorporated into MPR by alkoxylation. Under the reaction temperature of 140℃ for 6 h, 72.3% selectivity of GC was achieved using (HEIm) 2 [113] (La) based catalysts were also developed in the synthesis of GC, including LaCl 3 [123], La 2 O 3 [124], and La 2 Cu 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 4 [125]. For LaCl 3 catalyzed glycerolysis, the key reaction mechanism is illustrated in Scheme 11. ree oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group of the 2,3-dihydroxypropyl carbamate (HPC) coordinated with La 3+ of LaCl 3 ; the electrons of C-N groups redistributed wherein the proton transferred onto the carbon atom leading to the carbocation and nitrogen anion and favoring the intramolecular nucleophilic attack of adjoining hydroxyl group.…”

“…Modern life depends on polymers, from materials applied in the manufacture of clothing, houses, cars, and airplanes to those demonstrating complex adhibitions in medicine, diagnostics, and electronics [1][2][3][4]. A vast majority of polymers have been contributing greatly to our better daily life of enhanced quality and cleaner living environments, for instance, as materials capable of purifying water or as polymers bearing the better fuel economy in aerospace utilizations.…”

Optimizing lactic acid production for agricultural wastes revalorization via sugars hydrothermal conversion with zirconia-based catalysts: response surface methodology

“…In addition, HMF can be further degraded to formic and levulinic acids [21]. On the other hand, alkaline medium or catalysts containing Lewis acidic sites promote sugars isomerization to their corresponding ketoses, such as xylulose, ribulose and fructose [26,27]. Ketoses undergo retro-aldol condensation, in which C-C bonds are cleaved, leaving the formation of 2-and 3-carbon compounds, like glycolaldehyde and trioses: glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) [28].…”

“…The research found in literature showed that LA production by hydrothermal conversion of saccharides is achieved using homogeneous or heterogeneous acid and base catalysts [27]. Reasonable yields to LA were obtained under alkaline hydrothermal conditions from glucose for short reaction times [35,36].…”