One-pot Synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted Imidazoles Catalyzed by Lipase

Transition metal-free one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles

“…A wide range of aldehydes containing either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups effectively participate in this reaction (Scheme 47, Path A). This type of conversion has also been observed in the presence of lipase [102], tannic acid [103], [BPy]H 2 PO 4 [104], PEG-400 [105], CAN [106], p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) [107], morpholinium hydrogen sulfate [108] as well as in the presence of NH 4 H 2 PO 4 −SiO 2 [109], and trichloromelamine under solvent-free condition [110].…”

Current advances in the synthesis and biological potencies of tri- and tetra-substituted 1H-imidazoles

“…Inorganic or organic matrixsupported catalysts and nano catalysts (bioglycerol-based carbon catalysts) [102], nano-SnCl 4 ·SiO 2 [103], BF 3 -SiO 2 [104], HClO 4 -SiO 2 [105], NaHSO 4 /silica gel [106], silica sulfuric acid [107], NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O/Al 2 O 3 [108], HBF 4 -SiO 2 [109], Amberlyst A-15 [110], polymer-supported ZnCl 2 [111], SBA-15/TFE (SBA-15/2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) [112], SBA-Pr-SO 3 H [113], silica-supported tin oxide nanoparticles (SiO 2 :SnO 2 ) [114], ferric(III) nitrate supported on kieselguhr (Fe(NO 3 )3-Kie) [115], zeolite-supported reagents [116], nanocrystalline MgO [117], nano-crystalline sulfated zirconia [118], magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles [119], heteropolyacids [120] organocatalysts, such as L-proline [121], DABCO [122], enzymes (e.g., Lipase [123], papain [124]), trichloromelamine [125]), p-toluene sulfonic acid [126], ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) [127], NaH 2 PO 4 [128], mercaptopropylsilica [129], sodium bisulfate [130], ceric ammonium nitrate [131], morpholinium hydrogen sulphate [132], diethyl ammonium hydrogen phosphate [133], sulfated tin oxide [134], urea/hydrogen peroxide [135], silicabound propylpiperazine N -sulfamic [136], tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) [137], sodium bisulfate [128], potassium aluminum sulfate (alum) [138], l-cysteine …”

One-Pot Chemoenzymatic Multicomponent Synthesis of Thiazole Derivatives

“…We have been interested in the study of chemoenzymatic organic reactions and especially the enzymatic synthesis of heterocyclic compounds [11,12]. Several enzymes have exhibited great advantages in organic transformations like Michael additions [13][14][15], aldol reactions [16,17], Mannich reactiona [18] and Knoevenagel reactiona [19].…”