One-polymer active pixel

Abstract

A metal-oxide field-effect transistor ͑MOSFET͒ based on an electroluminescent conjugated polymer is fabricated on a glass substrate. It is found that the mobility horizontal to the substrate is two to three orders of magnitude larger than the mobility vertical to the substrate. The high horizontal mobility is attributed to the in-plane chain alignment in amorphous spin-coated films. We demonstrate an active pixel in which the light-emitting diode and the driving MOSFET share the same active polymer.

An improved HPLC method for determination of carotenoids in human serum

“…The concentration of the three major carotenoids in human serum followed the order: ␤-carotene > lycopene > lutein. This trend was similar to that reported by Sharpless et al [34] and Tzeng et al [19]. However, lycopene was shown to be present in higher amounts than ␤-carotene and lutein in the human serum of lactating mothers [2].…”

“…The extraction efficiency was validated by a high recovery of 93, 94, 89, 92, 91 and 94%, respectively, for lutein, zeaxanthin, ␤-cryptoxanthin, ␣-carotene, ␤-carotene and lycopene. The recoveries for lutein, ␤-carotene and lycopene were found to be higher than that reported by Tzeng et al [19] who also used similar extraction solvents. The difference in the recovery may be due to the higher volume (1 mL for 500 L of serum) of the antioxidant (ascorbic acid) added, as opposed to only 70 L used for 200 L serum by Tzeng et al [19].…”

“…The recoveries for lutein, ␤-carotene and lycopene were found to be higher than that reported by Tzeng et al [19] who also used similar extraction solvents. The difference in the recovery may be due to the higher volume (1 mL for 500 L of serum) of the antioxidant (ascorbic acid) added, as opposed to only 70 L used for 200 L serum by Tzeng et al [19]. The addition of ascorbic acid, in fact, prevents significant carotenoid losses during extraction and subsequent evaporation.…”

“…However, lycopene was shown to be present in higher amounts than ␤-carotene and lutein in the human serum of lactating mothers [2]. This difference may be caused by the diet pattern, as reported by Tzeng et al [19]. The concentration levels of all-trans forms of ␤-carotene, lycopene and lutein ranged from 256.3 to 864.2 ng/mL [19], while the average concentrations of all-trans forms of lutein and lycopene were close to a report by Talwar et al [20], who found that their levels in the human plasma were 0.26 and 0.37 mol/L, respectively.…”

Bias-Stress-Induced Instability of Polymer Thin-Film Transistor Based on Poly(3-Hexylthiophene)

“…Among these materials, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has received considerable attention due to its relatively high carrier mobility for low-cost low-power large-area electronic systems such as organic displays [1], sensors [2], and complementary circuits [3]. Great progress has been made to develop high-performance polymer TFTs (PTFTs) over the past decade [4], [5]. However, the environmental stability, reproducibility, and reliability of PTFTs remain significant issues.…”