A series of silver sulfide composites were prepared via the hydrothermal method with L-cysteine and AgNO 3 in water at a range of Lcysteine/AgNO 3 molar ratio of 0.5−8. The prepared Ag/Ag x S materials were consisted of Ag, Ag 2 S, Ag 2 S 2 , and Ag 2 S n species as confirmed by XRD, TEM, and XPS. The Ag/Ag x S composites are active for the photocatalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds under the visible light irradiation. The composition of the stoichiometric Ag 2 S, the nonstoichiometric Ag 2 S 2 and Ag 2 S n , and metallic Ag species affected the photocatalytic performances largely. When more nonstoichiometric Ag 2 S 2 and Ag 2 S n presented on the surface, the absorption in the visible (vis) light region was enhanced remarkably and presented a blue shift, leading to a bigger band gap energy value (E g ) and higher cathodic conduction band edge potential (E CB ), which promoted the formation of photogenerated electrons and inhibited the combination of photoelectrons and holes. When the more Ag 0 presented on the surface, the more photogenerated electrons were transferred from the conduction band of Ag x S to Ag 0 , preventing the combination of photoelectrons and holes. Thus, the photocatalytic performances of the Ag/Ag x S composites could be controlled by varying the surface composition.