One-dimensional single-crystalline Ti–O based nanostructures: properties, synthesis, modifications and applications

Zhou, Weijia; Liu, Hong; Boughton, Robert I.; Du, Guojun; Lin, Jianjian; Wang, Jing; Liu, Duo

doi:10.1039/b927224k

Cited by 196 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…Diameter or thickness 8-15 nm [9,32,42] 5-300 nm [43][44][45] o 10 nm [32] Length or lateral dimensions Up to several micrometers [32] Up to several micrometers [43,44] 4 100 nm [32] Band gap 3. [57,58] Young's modulus n.a.…”

Section: Nanotubementioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic scale characterization and surface chemistry of metal modified titanate nanotubes and nanowires

Kukovecz

Kordás

Kiss

2016

Surface Science Reports

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Titanates are salts of polytitanic acid that can be synthesized as nanostructures in a great variety concerning crystallinity, morphology, size, metal content and surface chemistry.Titanate nanotubes (open-ended hollow cylinders measuring up to 200 nm in length and 15 nm in outer diameter) and nanowires (solid, elongated rectangular blocks with length up to 1500 nm and 30-60 nm diameter) are the most widespread representatives of the titanate nanomaterial family. This review covers the properties and applications of these two materials from the surface science point of view. Dielectric, vibrational, electron and X-ray spectroscopic results are comprehensively discussed first, then surface modification methods including covalent functionalization, ion exchange and metal loading are covered. The versatile surface chemistry of onedimensional titanates renders them excellent candidates for heterogeneous catalytic, photocatalytic, photovoltaic and energy storage applications, therefore, these fields are also reviewed.

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Section: Nanotubementioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic scale characterization and surface chemistry of metal modified titanate nanotubes and nanowires

Kukovecz

Kordás

Kiss

2016

Surface Science Reports

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“…The interest in this material has led to a tremendous amount of works devoted to the successful preparation of nanoTiO 2 by all kinds of techniques: hydrothermal [281,282], sol-gel [283][284][285][286][287], soft template [288], precipitation or solid state method followed by ion exchange [289,290], urea-mediated hydrolysis/precipitation route [291], anodization [292,293], molten salt method [294], synthesis by ionic liquids [295] and electrospinning technique [294,296]. These syntheses of TiO 2 have been reviewed and discussed in [73,297]. TiO 2 exists in different polymorphic structures: anatase, rutile, brookite, TiO 2 -B (bronze), TiO 2 -R (ramsdellite) TiO 2 -H (hollandite), TiO 2 -II (columbite), TiO 2 -III (baddeyte).…”

Section: Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

et al. 2016

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Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) have made considerable progress since the first commercial one by Sony in 1991, which had LiCoO 2 and graphite as active elements of the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The LiBs are now the primary energy storage devices in the transportation and communications, from portable use in computers, up to electric and hybrid vehicles. More recently, they have also been used as back-up supply units, frequency regulators (load leveling) to integrate on smart grids the electricity produced by windmills and photovoltaic plants (for a recent review, see [1]). These applications require high energy densities, high power, and safety among others. Considerable efforts have been made to propose other electrodes to fulfill these requirements. We have recently reviewed the works and progress concerning the materials for the positive electrode [2][3][4][5][6]. The present work is devoted to the materials for the negative electrode counterpart. It is common to use the terminology anode and cathode for the negative and positive electrodes, respectively, although the electrodes play alternatively the role of anode and cathode during the charge and discharge process. We shall use this terminology in the following for conciseness purposes only.An ideal active anode element should fulfill the following requirements as follows: (1) It must be light and accommodate as much Li as possible to optimize the gravimetric capacity. (2) Its redox potential with respect to Li 0 /Li + must be as small as possible at any Li-concentration. The reason is that this potential is subtracted to the redox potential of the cathode material to give the overall voltage of the cell, and smaller voltage means smaller energy density. (3) It must possess good electronic and ionic conductivities since faster motion of the lithium ions and the electrons also mean higher power density of the cell. (4) It must not be soluble in the solvents of the electrolyte and not react with the lithium salt. (5) It must be safe, i.e. avoid any thermal runaway of the battery, a criterion that is not independent of the previous one, but deserves special attention, especially for use in transportation such as electric vehicles and planes. (6) It must be cheap and environmentally friendly. The different materials proposed as anode elements for Li-ion batteries must be discussed with respect to these different criteria.The graphite is still the most used anode material and is still the reference. The first works giving evidence of the insertion of lithium in graphite date from 1955 [7], confirmed by the synthesis of LiC 6 in 1965 [8]. The synthesis of LiC 6 , however, was not obtained by electrochemical process at that time. Another decade was spent before Besenhard and Eichinger discovered the reversible intercalation of lithium in graphite, proposing this material as an anode in 1976 [9,10]. Increasing the Li content in LiC 6 is possible [8], but no reversible cycling beyond LiC 6 could ever be obtained. The graphite anode can thus be cyc...

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“…since they can give large surface-to-volume ratio, may shortens Li ion and O 2 gas diffusion length, and easily ensure e -contact point between catalysts and discharge product to facilitate the electrochemical reaction of electrode [17][18][19][20]. However, using a TiO 2 nanoparticles for the catalyst of lithium-oxygen batteries has been rarely reported in the literature even though it has promising attributes and have been widely investigated for the catalysts of various devices owing to its low cost, non-toxicity, eco-friendliness, and natural abundance [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermally Synthesized TiO₂Nanoparticles as a Cathode Catalyst Material in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

Kang¹,

Song²,

Jung³

et al. 2014

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 100 nm were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal route at 220 o C and then processed for a possible alternate cathode catalyst material in the lithium-oxygen batteries. It was found that when TiO 2 nanoparticles were utilized as cathodes, substantial improvements in the discharge capacity, cycle ability, rate capability and low overpotential were observed. This can be attributed to its high catalytic activity and large surface area.

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One-dimensional single-crystalline Ti–O based nanostructures: properties, synthesis, modifications and applications

Cited by 196 publications

References 210 publications

Atomic scale characterization and surface chemistry of metal modified titanate nanotubes and nanowires

Atomic scale characterization and surface chemistry of metal modified titanate nanotubes and nanowires

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Hydrothermally Synthesized TiO₂Nanoparticles as a Cathode Catalyst Material in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

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One-dimensional single-crystalline Ti–O based nanostructures: properties, synthesis, modifications and applications

Cited by 196 publications

References 210 publications

Atomic scale characterization and surface chemistry of metal modified titanate nanotubes and nanowires

Atomic scale characterization and surface chemistry of metal modified titanate nanotubes and nanowires

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Hydrothermally Synthesized TiO2Nanoparticles as a Cathode Catalyst Material in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

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Hydrothermally Synthesized TiO₂Nanoparticles as a Cathode Catalyst Material in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries