One-Dimensional Modeling of Charge Transport in Epoxy for DC-GIS Insulating Spacer

Shimakawa, Hajime; Kumada, Akiko; Hidaka, Kunihiko; Sato, Masahiro; Yasuoka, Tadashi; Hoshina, Yoshikazu; Shiiki, Motoharu

doi:10.1109/tdei.2021.009442

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The basic BCT model regards the conduction process as Ohmic conduction with a constant mobility. [251][252][253][254] To better fit and explain the experimental results where space charge is involved, a hopping process has been employed in the modified BCT model. [80,241] The hopping conduction is essentially a combined action of thermal excitation and tunneling process where trapped carriers inside polymers "hop" from one trap site to another.…”

Section: Charge Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alison and Hill [79] Chen and Xu [258] Le Roy group [285] Le Roy et al [260] Laurent et al [247] Wu and Yin [283] Jin et al [254] Chen group [80] Le Roy et al [284] Peng group [251] Shimakawa et al [253] Hoang et al [252] Charge injection results that positive charge accumulation was less pronounced in PTFE than in LDPE. [93] Studies on charge injection characteristics of other polymers such as XLPE [91] and PE [274] have been reported as well.…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Space Charge Behavior in Epoxy‐Based Dielectrics: Progress and Perspective

Liu

Xie

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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temperature and complex electric field conditions. [1][2][3] Epoxy resin (EP) is a class of polymer oligomers containing two or more epoxide groups based on organic compounds (e.g., aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic). As a prepolymer, EP shows excellent performance after its reaction with a curing agent to form an insoluble polymer with a 3D network structure. EP has desirable insulating characteristics, [4][5][6][7] heat resistance, [8] high mechanical strength, [9] low shrinkage, [10] chemical stability, and adhesive properties, which originate from its compact structure and tunable functional groups. The above mentioned outstanding performances, along with characteristics of easy processing and formula design flexibility, enable the extensive use of EP-based materials in power equipment and electronic devices [11] (Figure 1), including bar insulation and impregnating varnish in transformers, main insulation in dry-type bushings and wall bushings, insulator in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) and gas-insulated transmission line (GIL), epoxy molding compound for integrated circuit (IC) packaging. It is noteworthy that EPs typically possess lower glass transition temperature (T g ) compared to other high-T g dielectric polymer substitutes used in microelectronic systems such as benzocyclobutene, [12] polyimide (PI), [13] and maleimide. [14] Besides high T g , high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion of EPs are always desired for their industrial applications, especially from an electronic packaging perspective. To date, considerable efforts have been made to improve the heat endurance and heat dissipation capabilities of EP-based dielectric materials by inorganic particle doping [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and chemical modification. [25][26][27] Furthermore, EP is also an indispensable adhesive that is extensively used in power equipment. [28][29][30][31][32] Yet, potential reliability hazards may exist during the operation of power equipment and electronic devices, especially at high temperatures and under high voltage direct current (HVDC) application, one of which is the space charge accumulation in EP-based dielectric materials. [29,30,33,34] The accumulated space charge may cause deterioration/aging and even partial discharge or dielectric breakdown of dielectric materials. [35][36][37][38][39][40] Specifically, the extensive application of EP-based dielectric materials in HVDC transmission projects eagerly calls for relevant studies on the space charge behavior Epoxy-based dielectrics are extensively used in grid-connected energy systems and modern microelectronics as electrical insulation, adhesive, and packaging components. However, space charge accumulation in epoxy-based dielectrics is a foremost factor threatening device stability and lifespan, especially under conditions of high voltage direct current and high temperatures during long-term operation, and thus are investigated systematically. This article reviews the state-of-the-art progress in understanding and r...

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Section: Charge Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Space Charge Behavior in Epoxy‐Based Dielectrics: Progress and Perspective

Liu

Xie

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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“…Negative current is represented as positive in order to utilize a logarithmic scale. The experimental discharging current data can be effectively modeled using a Curie-von Schweidler expression [19][20][21] ( )…”

Section: Discharging Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of electrical ageing effects on the structural and electrical properties of polystyrene by charging and discharging current method

Hedir,

Slimani,

Moudoud

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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This study focuses on isothermal charging and discharging currents in polystyrene (PS). It is a well known fact that the discharging current is almost the mirror symmetry of the charging current at low electric fields. However, the experimental results presented and discussed in this study have revealed the possibility of an abnormal discharging current (ADC) flowing in the same direction as the charging current. Furthermore, electrical measurements implied that the electrical ageing of PS resulted in a significant increase in the charging current, even for extended ageing periods. Moreover, the intensity and duration of the reverse discharging current have evolved with electrical ageing. This characteristic can be attributed to the presence of ionic impurities both trapped at the polymer surface and in the bulk structure. To highlight the structural changes induced by electrical ageing, detailed structural analyses were conducted using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. 

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“…High voltage DC GIS is subjected to voltage stress for a long-time during operation, and the insulation problem has been the bottleneck restricting its wide application [3][4] . At present, scholars have carried out a lot of research on the accumulation and distribution of space charge in DC GIS, the movement and suppression of metal particles, the distribution and optimization of the electric field, and the flashover and breakdown characteristics of insulating gas [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . These studies mainly explore ways to improve the insulation performance of DC GIS from the perspective of DC GIS structure or insulation materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overvoltage stress of ±550 kV DC GIS for converter station

Zheng,

Fan,

Sun

et al. 2024

Ninth International Conference on Energy Materials and Electrical Engineering (ICEMEE 2023)

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DC gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) can significantly reduce the floor area and construction and maintenance costs of traditional DC converter stations and has a good development prospect. Based on the typical converter station topology and arrester configuration scheme, this paper sets different fault conditions to assess the overvoltage stress of ±550 kV DC GIS. The simulation results show that the DC GIS will bear the highest transient overvoltage, up to 874.9 kV, when the converter station starts with an open circuit fault at the inverter side. The insulation level of DC GIS is further proposed, in which the lightning impulse withstand level (LIWL) is 1356 kV and the switching impulse withstand level (SIWL) is 1110 kV. The research results can provide a reference for the insulation design and equipment development of high voltage DC GIS.

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One-Dimensional Modeling of Charge Transport in Epoxy for DC-GIS Insulating Spacer

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Space Charge Behavior in Epoxy‐Based Dielectrics: Progress and Perspective

Space Charge Behavior in Epoxy‐Based Dielectrics: Progress and Perspective

Investigation of electrical ageing effects on the structural and electrical properties of polystyrene by charging and discharging current method

Overvoltage stress of ±550 kV DC GIS for converter station

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