Oncolytic Virotherapy of Canine and Feline Cancer

Abstract

Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death in companion animals such as dogs and cats. Despite recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced canine and feline cancer, overall patient treatment outcome has not been substantially improved. Virotherapy using oncolytic viruses is one promising new strategy for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and lyse cancer cells, without causing excessive damage to surrounding healthy tissue, and initiate tumor-specific immunity. The current review describes the use of different oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy and their application to canine and feline cancer.

Defining the Value of a Comparative Approach to Cancer Drug Development

“…Similarly, oncolytic viruses, which capitalize on malignant cells’ defects in viral response gene pathways, may be effectively translated between dogs and humans. (33, 34)…”

Replicating poxviruses for human cancer therapy

“…More recently, the oncolytic nature of the Lister strain has been studied by several research groups (Timiryasova et al, 1999;Chen et al, 2001;Hung et al, 2007). Currently, a modified version of the Lister strain is in clinical trials for treating various human cancers as well as for feline/canine cancer therapy (Gentschev et al, 2014;Mell et al, 2014). The live vaccinia Wyeth strain was one of the smallpox vaccine viruses used mainly in the Americas and West Africa during the worldwide vaccination campaign (Jacobs et al, 2009;Nalca and Zumbrun, 2010).…”

“…SQPV was isolated from a grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Maryland in 1953 and initially placed into the genus Leporipoxvirus by Kilham et al (1953); it was later thought to be a member of the genus Parapoxvirus (Housawi et al, 1998), but a sub- (Chen et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 2007;Kochneva et al, 2012;Chan and McFadden, 2014) Breast tumor model, Ovarian tumor model, etc (Hung et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2007;Hiley et al, 2010;Gholami et al, 2014) Various solid tumors, Breast cancer (Gentschev et al, 2014;Mell et al, 2014) GLV-1h68*, GLV-1h99, GLV-1h108, VV-mIL2, VVhEA, VV-hup53, etc Wyeth Attenuated, transgenes inserted (Mastrangelo et al, 1999;Liu et al, 2014) Melanoma model, Bladder cancer model, etc (Mastrangelo et al, 1999;Gomella et al, 2001) Melanoma cancer, Liver cancer, etc (Mastrangelo et al, 1999;Park et al, 2008;Heo et al, 2013) JX-594* WR Attenuated, transgenes inserted (Gnant et al, 1999;McCart et al, 2001;Thorne et al, 2007;Parviainen et al, 2015) Colon cancer model. etc (Gnant et al, 1999;McCart et al, 2001;Autio et al, 2014) Various tumors (Zeh et al, 2015) JX-795, JX-963*, vvDD*, VV-TRAIL, etc MVA Severely attenuated, transgenes inserted (Sutter and Moss, 1992;Kochneva et al, 2012) Various cancer model (Drexler et al, 1999;Carroll et al, 1997) Various tumors (Larocca and Schlom, 2011;Amato et al, 2012;Gómez et al, 2013) MVA-5T4*, MVAhup53…”

Antigen profiling analysis of vaccinia virus injected canine tumors

“…8,14,15 The CT1258 canine tumors were generated by implanting canine prostate carcinoma CT1258 cells subcutaneously into the right hind leg of 6 to 8 weeks old female nude mice (Hsd: Athymic Nude-Foxn1 nu ; Harlan, Netherlands. 21 Tumor growth was monitored twice weekly in two dimensions using a digital caliper.…”

“…Oncolytic viruses including various human and canine adenoviruses, canine distemper virus, and vaccinia virus strains have been successfully tested for canine cancer therapy in pre-clinical settings. 7,8 Several vaccinia virus strains such as GLV-1h68, LIVP 1.1.1, LIVP 5.1.1, LIVP 6.1.1, and GLV-1h109 were successful used for treatment of canine cancer in pre-clinical studies. [9][10][11][12] In this work we are looking for a way to quickly determine the effectiveness of viral vaccinia treatment against different types of canine tumors.…”