Oncolytic Activity of Wild-type Newcastle Disease Virus HK84 Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Activation of Type I Interferon Signaling

Newcastle Disease Virus/HK84: Next Potential Star for Targeted Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

“…The reason why NDV/HK84 was selected for further investigation out of ten NDV strains was because of its increased oncolytic effect, which was over 80%. The targeting mechanism of NDV/KH84 was not yet being confirmed in the study by Chen et al 3 However, this reported work has presented us a comprehensive experiment in vivo and in vitro regarding the safety and oncolytic effect of NDV/HK84. The novel potential natural low-toxic oncolytic NDV strain with high efficiency is expected to be the next exciting star in immunotherapy for solid tumors.…”

“…In the study by Chen et al, 3 NDV/HK84 inhibited growth of SK-Hep-I-Luc HCC cells in tumor-bearing mice and had an oncolytic effect an in vitro HCC model, with an inhibitory rate of over 85%. In the in vivo experiment, the intratumoral infection with NDV/HK84 inhibited tumor growth in six out of 10 mice.…”

“…A recent article by Chen et al, 3 "Oncolytic Effect of Newcastle Virus HK84 Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activation Interferon Signaling," describes a new strain that is potentially useful for treating HCC. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are one of the immunotherapies that can be selectively engineered to target certain tumor cells while sparing the normal tissue of the host.…”

“…Regarding the oncolytic mechanism of NDV/HK84, Chen et al 3 reported significant enhancement of RIG-I like receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and type I interferon (IFN) signaling. 3 The IFN-related genes were further analyzed and identified as an important element of the mechanism of NDV/HK84 in inhibiting liver cell lines. Type I IFN has antiviral, pro-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects, and the combined effects are responsible for the antitumor response induced by NDV.…”

Therapeutic Use of Viruses: Newcastle Disease Virus HK84 Oncolytic Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…6 Human cancer cells are more easily infected by NDV than benign cells because of the impairment of antiviral defenses such as the IFN cascade, which supports the potential of this viral class for oncolytic therapy. Chen et al 5 compared nine different NDV strains in vitro, finding that HK84 was the only virus to provide a consistent >80% growth inhibition of the SK-HEP-1 HCC cells despite multiple changes in infection rate ranging from 20-0.2%. Further in vitro evidence demonstrated increased apoptosis when NDV-HK84 was exposed to either SK-HEP-1 or HEP3B cell while suppressing SK-HEP-1 wound healing, an evaluation of cell spreading capability, by the same strain.…”