Once Resin Composites and Dental Sealants Release Bisphenol-A, How Might This Affect Our Clinical Management?—A Systematic Review

Abstract

(1) Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) based dental resins are commonly used in preventive and reparative dentistry. Since some monomers may remain unpolymerized in the application of dental resin, they dissolve in the saliva. (2) Methods: The literature search was carried out in Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase databases. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies that evaluated BPA levels in human urine, saliva and/or blood were included. (3) Results: The initial search had 5111 results. A total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review. Most studies showed an increase of the levels of bisphenol A 1 h after treatments with composite resins and dental sealants. One week after treatments the levels were decreased. (4) Conclusions: Some clinical precautions should be taken to decrease the release of BPA, namely the use of rubber dam, the immediate polishing of all resins used, or the use of glycerin gel to avoid non-polymerization of the last resin layer, and mouthwash after treatment. Another preventive measure in addition to the above-mentioned is the use of the smallest possible number of restorations or sealants, a maximum of four per appointment. These measures are even more important in children, adolescents and pregnant women.

Evaluation of the Degree of Conversion, Residual Monomers and Mechanical Properties of Some Light-Cured Dental Resin Composites

“…The release control of residual monomers and the degree of conversion through different techniques on different materials used in dentistry is in continuous research. New specialized literature presents the techniques for monitoring the release of monomers from the composition of dental materials and their influence on the body [44].…”

Cytotoxic effects of different self-adhesive resin cements: Cell viability and induction of apoptosis

“…Two significant factors are suggested for the cause of this release: (1) the release of residual monomers even after polymerization into the oral fluids, especially in the first 24 h, (2) the release of monomers because of degradation and erosion over time. 11 Cytotoxicity may be caused by other components than monomers, such as initiators or ions present in the inorganic phase. 12 For instance, the fluoride has been incorporated into the SARCs composition due to its cariostatic properties.…”

Evaluation of Residual Monomer Release After Polymerization of Colored Compomer Materials

“…For example, it has been reported that gingival problems related to this hormone increase during pregnancy. Although the estrogenicity of BisGMA-based dental resins is not well-defined, in vitro experiments have identified the components that are released from such resins [7]. However, current findings suggest that the short-term risk of estrogenic effects from dental treatments using BisGMA-based resins is insignificant [6].…”

“…The estrogenic effect of bisphenol A in the content of BisGMA is known. The effects of estrogen in the prepubertal period have been investigated in the literature [6,7], and the cause of high estrogen release has been shown at the basis of many diseases such as precocious puberty and cancer. Pereira et al [38] stated that, during prepubertal stage, girls had an increased risk of presenting earlier thelarche due to the high estrogen release (over 5 pg/mL in blood).…”