Once Again on Preliminary Reference Earth Model

Abstract

We studied the isotropic ball using data of Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM). It is shown that such a ball should be either destructed or gone into a more stable equilibrium state with uneven distributed deformation under thermobaric condition of the inner core. Body elastic waves with real velocities cannot propagate in it. This manuscript is devoted to study the situation from the standpoint of nonlinear geomechanics. A number of necessary principles of Mechanics of Deformable Solid Body (MDSB) is given at the beginning of the analysis. A brief review of the published latest experimental work is performed. It is established that proper attention to the role of the MDSB principles in micro‐scale (nano) experiments of the physical level has not been given. Deformation properties of solid bodies are emphasized in microscale and macroscale. Application of linear acoustoelasticity and extrapolation of Birch's linear law of the inner core and use of an idea on variability of elasticity moduli with the increase of pressure and temperature have contributed to obtained pseudo data for the geological medium of the Earth's core instead of linear data on the physicomechanical properties. It is proposed that parallel to elimination of the indicated disadvantages, collection, processing and interpretation should be performed using nonclassically linearized approach. This set of necessary actions is offered as the “key” of geomechanical analysis. The proper application will allow conducting similar analysis concerning other solid‐state structures of the Earth.

Spatiotemporal Variation of COVID-19 and Its Spread in South America: A Rapid Assessment

“…As of 20 June 2020, every country in South America had reported cases of COVID-19, with different degrees of occurrence per country per month. The utilization of spatial and geographic models (e.g., Kuo, Wen, and Sabel 2018;Li et al 2019;Guliyev and Javanshir 2020) is essential in understanding and examining the spatial distributions of this infectious disease in Latin America. Since the outbreak of this pandemic, a number of published works have utilized various geospatial applications to provide clear representations of the COVID-19 spread around the world (e.g., Boulos and Geraghty 2020;Desjardins, Hohl, and Delmelle 2020;Gibson and Rush 2020;Jia et al 2020; Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering 2020; Lakhani 2020; Mollalo, Vahedi, and Rivera 2020).…”

“…Spatial and temporal variations of the COVID-19 pandemic thus far have predominantly focused on a statistical relationship between attributable deaths and confirmed cases (Adekunle et al 2020; Sarkodie and Owusu 2020) and the predictive spread and recovery (Giuliani et al 2020;Gross et al 2020;Guliyev and Javanshir 2020;Liang 2020) from the virus. Prior models by Sarkodie and Owusu (2020) adopted a fixed effects approach assuming strict exogeneity for all explanatory variables and a fixed effects linear model with a first-order autoregressive (AR1) disturbance to accommodate for uneven data spaces across spatial dimensions.…”