In philosophical terms, the African encounter with Western modernity defines the context within which much of what unfolds in postcolonial Africa can be understood, including even its ethical and social problems. This work utilizes Foucault's theory of panopticism to reflect on the challenges of social control and harmony in contemporary African society. It establishes the link between panopticism and indigenous African cultures from the fact that indigenous societies deployed mechanisms of instituting social control and harmony similar to the phenomena of panoticism and the technologies of control that it symbolizes today. African metaphysical thought, its beliefs, and mythological paraphernalia played the important role of providing an overarching framework within which questions of social control, relations, ethics and even harmony with nature were defined and understood in the past. Modern institutions and technologies of surveillance, whilst crucial to social control, may need to be supported by re-strengthening indigenous interpretive and normative cultural frameworks that promoted elements of self-surveillance and responsible being in traditional communities.
IntroductionFoucault's 'Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison' remains an important text for theorizing discourses of surveillance and social control in modern societies. The question of how indigenous African cultures that were without modern technologies of surveillance managed to institute control of the individual and achieve social order and harmony in society inspires much of this discussion. This work utilizes Foucault's theory of panopticism and juxtaposes it with African indigenous cultures in order to reflect on the challenges of social control and harmony confronting contemporary society in Africa. It establishes the link between panopticism and indigenous African cultures from the realization that indigenous societies deployed mechanisms of instituting social control and harmony similar to the phenomena of panoticism and the technologies of control that it symbolizes today. The work suggests that indigenous African culture, through its metaphysics, was vested with a considerable amount of panoptical