On Using Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Data from Glendonites as Paleoenvironmental Proxies: A Case Study from the Permian System of Eastern Australia

Frank, Tracy D.; Thomas, Stephanie G.; Fielding, Christopher R.

doi:10.2110/jsr.2008.081

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…() and Frank et al . (). An important corollary is that the replacive calcite mosaics more generally observed in FA5 (and FA4) limestones (Figs B and F) are also probably after ikaite.…”

Section: Facies Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Continental carbonate facies of a Neoproterozoic panglaciation, north‐east Svalbard

et al. 2016

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This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Fairchild, I. J., Fleming, E. J., Bao, H., Benn, D. I., Boomer, I., Dublyansky, Y. V., Halverson, G. P., Hambrey, M., Hendy, C., Mcmillan, E. A., Sp?tl, C., Stevenson, C. T. E. & Wynn, P. M. (2015). Continental carbonate facies of a Neoproterozoic panglaciation, north-east Svalbard. Sedimentology., which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1111/sed.12252. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.The Marinoan panglaciation (?650 to 635 Ma) is represented in north-east Svalbard by the 130 to 175 m thick Wilsonbreen Formation which contains syn-glacial carbonates in its upper 100 m. These sediments are now known to have been deposited under a CO2-rich atmosphere, late in the glaciation, and global climate models facilitate testing of proposed analogues. Precipitated carbonates occur in four of the seven facies associations identified: Fluvial Channel (including stromatolitic and intraclastic limestones in ephemeral stream deposits); Dolomitic Floodplain (dolomite-cemented sand and siltstones, and microbial dolomites); Calcareous Lake Margin (intraclastic dolomite and wave-rippled or aeolian siliciclastic facies); and Calcareous Lake (slump-folded and locally re-sedimented rhythmic/stromatolitic limestones and dolomites associated with ice-rafted sediment). There is no strong cyclicity, and modern analogues suggest that sudden changes in lake level may exert a strong control on facies geometry. Both calcite and dolomite in stromatolites and rhythmites display either primary or early diagenetic replacive growth. Oxygen isotope values (-12 to +15?VPDB) broadly covary with ?13C. High ?13C values of +3.5 to +4.5? correspond to equilibration with an atmosphere dominated by volcanically degassed CO2 with ?13C of -6 to -7?. Limestones have consistently negative ?18O values, whilst rhythmic and playa dolomites preserve intermediate compositions, and dolocretes possess slightly negative to strongly positive ?18O signatures, reflecting significant evaporation under hyperarid conditions. Inferred meltwater compositions (-8 to -15.5?) could reflect smaller Rayleigh fractionation related to more limited cooling than in modern polar regions. A common pseudomorph morphology is interpreted as a replacement of ikaite (CaCO3.H2O), which may also have been the precursor for widespread replacive calcite mosaics. Local dolomitization of lacustrine facies is interpreted to reflect microenvironments with fluctuating redox conditions. Although differing in (palaeo)latitude and carbonate abundance, the Wilsonbreen carbonates provide strong parallels with the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica.authorsversionpublishersversionPeer reviewe

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“…() and Frank et al . (). An important corollary is that the replacive calcite mosaics more generally observed in FA5 (and FA4) limestones (Figs B and F) are also probably after ikaite.…”

Section: Facies Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Continental carbonate facies of a Neoproterozoic panglaciation, north‐east Svalbard

et al. 2016

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“…There has been a long‐standing expectation that Neoproterozoic ikaite pseudomorphs should occur (Shearman & Smith, ) because glendonite nodules, representing replaced ikaite crystals, are abundant in post‐glacial marine muds following the Permo‐Carboniferous Gondwanan glaciation (e.g. Frank et al ., ). However, the Cryogenian Svalbard examples of Halverson et al .…”

Section: Chemical Sedimentology: Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentological perspectives on climatic, atmospheric and environmental change in the Neoproterozoic Era

2016

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Sedimentological insights underpin many of the important recent advances in understanding of Earth system behaviour in the Neoproterozoic Era. This article reviews three main areas: (i) chemical proxies and their preservation, with emphasis on carbonate facies; (ii) glacial and post-glacial facies, including their age constraints; (iii) sedimentary evidence for biotic innovations and responses. Chemostratigraphy plays an important role in ordering Neoproterozoic events and defining disturbances to the carbon cycle. There is increasing attention being paid to assessing the role of diagenetic origination or modification of chemostratigraphic signals. Alongside this, new criteria for identifying primary dolomite and precursor metastable phases such as ikaite have been developed. In respect of oxygenation, geochemical proxies substantiate the concept of a Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event as a very gradual transition, the ocean being at any one time a heterogeneous assemblage of ferruginous, sulphidic and oxic conditions, with some evidence of increasing deep-sea oxidation through the Ediacaran Period. Techniques such as Fe-speciation need to be supplemented with proxies sensitive to suboxic conditions. More generally, it is predicted that petrographically constrained microanalytical studies will also become more important in reconstructing palaeoenvironmental conditions. The global distribution of Neoproterozoic glacial deposits combined with palaeomagnetic evidence supports the concept of panglaciations in which ice sheets reached sea-level in the tropics. Advances in radiometric dating have demonstrated the synchronous onset of global (Sturtian) glaciation at 717 Ma and the demise of a second (Marinoan) glaciation at 635 Ma, and plausibly indicate long durations for each (55 Myr for Sturtian and 5 to 15 Myr for Marinoan). However, a compilation of radiometric dates indicates ambiguities indicating the need for further improvements to the radiometric and Sr-isotope database to understand events within the Sturtian time frame, the timing of onset of Marinoan glaciations, and the age and synchroneity of individual negative d 13 C anomalies. Sturtian deposits are typically thick, rift-related successions containing a range of environments influenced or dominated by dynamic glaciers, as well as ice-free marine intervals. Marinoan glacial deposits, by contrast, tend to be thin and continental. During the latter interval, oxygen isotope systematics of sulphate demonstrate that atmospheric CO 2 was high, as predicted by Snowball Earth theory, and that sedimentation was influenced by orbital forcing. The Sturtian record, by comparison, needs to be searched for evidence of cold-climate hiatuses on the one hand and orbital forcing on the other. Cap carbonate formation appears to have coincided with rising sea-levels following panglaciations. Snowball theory considers that they formed rapidly in the postglacial greenhouse, but an alternative (2016) 63, 253-306 doi: 10.1111/sed.12261 STATE OF THE SCIENCE model o...

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“…Temperatures below 47-77C are required to stabilize hydration water in the ikaite crystal structure (Pauly 1963;Stein and Smith 1986;Bischoff et al 1993;Frank et al 2008). Ikaite can form in the water column (Council and Bennett 1993;Buchardt et al 1997), in sea ice (Dieckmann et al 2008), and within the sediment column (Suess et al 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interpretation of the paleoenvironment from the geological record of glendonite occurrences relies on an understanding of the physical and biogeochemical controls in the modern ocean of the precipitation of the precursor ikaite. Because ikaite is known to form under cold conditions, glendonites are commonly interpreted as an indicator of near-freezing water temperatures (De Lurio and Frakes 1999;Price 1999;Swainson and Hammond 2001;Alley and Frakes 2003;Jones et al 2006;Frank et al 2008;James et al 2009;Ivany and Runnegar 2010). However, bottom-water temperature cannot be the only factor controlling ikaite precipitation because temperature alone offers no coherent explanation for the modern spatial distri-bution of ikaite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ikaite Abundance Controlled by Porewater Phosphorus Level: Potential Links to Dust and Productivity

Zhou

Rickaby

et al. 2015

The Journal of Geology

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Peer reviewed versionCyswllt i'r cyhoeddiad / Link to publication Dyfyniad o'r fersiwn a gyhoeddwyd / Citation for published version (APA):Glendonites are pseudomorphs of the mineral ikaite (CaCO 3 ·6H 2 O) after loss of hydration water and occur in distinctive euhedral crystalline forms, sometimes clustered as rosettes of up to tens of centimeters in diameter. While it is generally accepted that organic-rich environments, methane seeps, and high phosphate levels are important for ikaite formation, glendonite occurrences in ancient sedimentary sequences are widely considered to reflect nearfreezing temperatures, even at high latitudes during periods of greenhouse climates. To fully understand the paleoenvironmental significance of glendonites, a comprehensive examination of the modern ikaite setting is necessary. Temperature is the most important parameter that has been quantitatively constrained for the presence of ikaite. Low bottom-water temperature, while a required condition for formation of the mineral, is not adequate for its growth; other controls are necessary to explain the absence of ikaite in many cold environments. In this study, we discuss the control of carbonate chemistry on ikaite formation. Our compilation of geochemical data from sediment cores with well-preserved ikaite provide further evidence for the importance of phosphate. A phosphate concentration above ∼400 mM in shallow and cold porewater may be the requisite parameter for extensive ikaite precipitation. Thus, abundant glendonites in ancient successions mark past periods and regions of elevated porewater phosphorus concentrations, which may also be related to high surface productivity and/or iron fertilization.

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On Using Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Data from Glendonites as Paleoenvironmental Proxies: A Case Study from the Permian System of Eastern Australia

Cited by 48 publications

References 39 publications

Continental carbonate facies of a Neoproterozoic panglaciation, north‐east Svalbard

Continental carbonate facies of a Neoproterozoic panglaciation, north‐east Svalbard

Sedimentological perspectives on climatic, atmospheric and environmental change in the Neoproterozoic Era

Ikaite Abundance Controlled by Porewater Phosphorus Level: Potential Links to Dust and Productivity

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