On Two Filarial Parasites from Dogs in Ceylon, <i>Brugia ceylonensis</i> n.sp. and <i>Dipetalonema</i> sp.inq.

Jayewardene, L. G.

doi:10.1017/s0022149x00023944

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Among the ten species belonging to the genus Brugia Buckley, 1958, three, B. malayi , B. pahangi and B. tupaiae , have been discovered in humans, monkeys, carnivores and treeshrews in Malaysia [6, 7, 31]. In Sri Lanka, Brugia buckleyi Dissanaike & Paramananthan, 1961 has been collected from a Ceylon hare, Lepus nigricollis singhala Wroughton, 1915 [49], and B. ceylonensis Jayewardene, 1962 has been collected from dogs [50]. In addition, B. timori has been found in humans in Indonesia [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular characteristics of Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877), Brugia malayi (Brug, 1927) and B. timori Partono, Purnomo, Dennis, Atmosoedjono, Oemijati & Cross, 1977 cause lymphatic diseases in humans in the tropics, while B. pahangi (Buckley & Edeson, 1956) infects carnivores and causes zoonotic diseases in humans in Malaysia. Wuchereria bancrofti, W. kalimantani Palmieri, Pulnomo, Dennis & Marwoto, 1980 and six out of ten Brugia spp. have been described from Australia, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and India. However, the origin and evolution of the species in the Wuchereria-Brugia clade remain unclear. While investigating the diversity of filarial parasites in Malaysia, we discovered an undescribed species in the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia).MethodsWe examined 81 common treeshrews from 14 areas in nine states and the Federal Territory of Peninsular Malaysia for filarial parasites. Once any filariae that were found had been isolated, we examined their morphological characteristics and determined the partial sequences of their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 12S rRNA genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region were then cloned into the pGEM-T vector, and the recombinant plasmids were used as templates for sequencing.Results Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka, n. g., n. sp. is described based on the morphological characteristics of adults and microfilariae found in common treeshrews from Jeram Pasu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The Kimura 2-parameter distance between the cox1 gene sequences of the new species and W. bancrofti was 11.8%. Based on the three gene sequences, the new species forms a monophyletic clade with W. bancrofti and Brugia spp. The adult parasites were found in tissues surrounding the lymph nodes of the neck of common treeshrews.ConclusionsThe newly described species appears most closely related to Wuchereria spp. and Brugia spp., but differs from these in several morphological characteristics. Molecular analyses based on the cox1 and 12S rRNA genes and the ITS1 region indicated that this species differs from both W. bancrofti and Brugia spp. at the genus level. We thus propose a new genus, Malayfilaria, along with the new species M. sofiani.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2105-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular characteristics of Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia

et al. 2017

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“…B. ceylonensis was first described in lymphatics of dogs in 1962 from Sri Lanka [39]. This parasite, which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti , was reported from Kerala too as early in 1974, but there is no recent documentation of this parasite from the state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Filarial Infections in a HumanBrugia malayiEndemic Area of India

Ravindran

Varghese

Nair

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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A very high prevalence of microfilaremia of 42.68 per cent out of 164 canine blood samples examined was observed in Cherthala (of Alappuzha district of Kerala state), a known human Brugia malayi endemic area of south India. The species of canine microfilariae were identified as Dirofilaria repens, Brugia malayi, and Acanthocheilonema reconditum. D. repens was the most commonly detected species followed by B. pahangi. D. immitis was not detected in any of the samples examined. Based on molecular techniques, microfilariae with histochemical staining pattern of “local staining at anal pore and diffuse staining at central body” was identified as D. repens in addition to those showing acid phosphatase activity only at the anal pore. Even though B. malayi like acid phosphatase activity was observed in few dogs examined, they were identified as genetically closer to B. pahangi. Hence, the possibility of dogs acting as reservoirs of human B. malayi in this area was ruled out.

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“…Brugia ceylonensis was first described from the lymphatics of dogs in Sri Lanka in 1962 [53]. In a Sri Lankan survey of 65 dogs, 44.6% were positive for microfilaria; of these, 62% and 7% had single infections with D. repens and B. ceylonensis respectively, while 31% had mixed infections with both species [54].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine vector-borne diseases in India: a review of the literature and identification of existing knowledge gaps

et al. 2010

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Despite the combination of favourable climate for parasites and vectors, and large populations of stray dogs, information concerning the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of canine vector-borne diseases in India is limited. However, with the country's expanding economy and adaptation to western culture, higher expectations and demands are being placed on veterinary surgeons for improved knowledge of diseases and control. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of these diseases in India and identify existing knowledge gaps in the literature which need to be addressed. The available literature on this subject, although limited, suggests that a number of canine vector-borne diseases such as filariasis, babesiosis and ehrlichiosis are endemic throughout India, as diagnosed mostly by morphological methods. Detailed investigations of the epidemiology and zoonotic potential of these pathogens has been neglected. Further study is essential to develop a better understanding of the diversity of canine vector-borne diseases in India, and their significance for veterinary and public health.

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On Two Filarial Parasites from Dogs in Ceylon, Brugia ceylonensis n.sp. and Dipetalonema sp.inq.

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Morphological and molecular characteristics of Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia

Morphological and molecular characteristics of Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia

Canine Filarial Infections in a HumanBrugia malayiEndemic Area of India

Canine vector-borne diseases in India: a review of the literature and identification of existing knowledge gaps

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