On the variability of near-surface screen temperature anomalies in the 20 March 2015 solar eclipse

Clark, Matthew R.

doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0213

Cited by 15 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The temperature anomalies derived from the NEWEx observations are broadly consistent with this, as figure 5 shows that the 0940 temperature anomalies are typically within the range observed in [16]. Furthermore, there is fair agreement between the structure of the temperature anomaly field at 0940 and the contours of the maximum temperature anomaly presented in fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Furthermore, there is fair agreement between the structure of the temperature anomaly field at 0940 and the contours of the maximum temperature anomaly presented in fig. 7 a of [16]. However, we do note that Clark [16] reports a smaller average temperature anomaly and a longer average lag (≈15 min) between maximum obscuration and the maximum temperature anomaly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Elsewhere in this issue, Clark [16] analyses 1 min resolution temperature observations from 266 sites contributing to the UK Met Office’s Meteorological Monitoring System (MMS) and finds eclipse-induced temperature anomalies that range between −0.03°C and −4.23°C, with a median value of −1.02°C. The temperature anomalies derived from the NEWEx observations are broadly consistent with this, as figure 5 shows that the 0940 temperature anomalies are typically within the range observed in [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The National Eclipse Weather Experiment: an assessment of citizen scientist weather observations

Barnard¹,

Portas²,

Gray³

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The National Eclipse Weather Experiment (NEWEx) was a citizen science project designed to assess the effects of the 20 March 2015 partial solar eclipse on the weather over the United Kingdom (UK). NEWEx had two principal objectives: to provide a spatial network of meteorological observations across the UK to aid the investigation of eclipse-induced weather changes, and to develop a nationwide public engagement activity-based participation of citizen scientists. In total, NEWEx collected 15 606 observations of air temperature, cloudiness and wind speed and direction from 309 locations across the UK, over a 3 h window spanning the eclipse period. The headline results were processed in near real time, immediately published online, and featured in UK national press articles on the day of the eclipse. Here, we describe the technical development of NEWEx and how the observations provided by the citizen scientists were analysed. By comparing the results of the NEWEx analyses with results from other investigations of the same eclipse using different observational networks, including measurements from the University of Reading’s Atmospheric Observatory, we demonstrate that NEWEx provided a fair representation of the change in the UK meteorological conditions throughout the eclipse. Despite the simplicity of the approach adopted, robust reductions in both temperature and wind speed during the eclipse were observed.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Atmospheric effects of solar eclipses stimulated by the 2015 UK eclipse’.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The National Eclipse Weather Experiment: an assessment of citizen scientist weather observations

Barnard¹,

Portas²,

Gray³

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Although all contributions are relevant, we specifically refer only to the articles with a direct link to our own study (Aplin et al, 2016;Clark, 2016;Good, 2016;Hanna et al, 2016;Burt, 2016;Pasachoff et al, 2016;Gray and Harrison, 2016;Portas et al, 2016;Barnard et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum difference between the measurements during penumbral shading and these fitted values was then determined. This approach closely followed the method used by Segal et al (1996), or the linear approach used by Clark (2016). In a few cases (sites GRH, ROG, ULR, VAD, VSBLI; see Table S2), however, this approach failed (e.g., because of instationarity shortly before, shortly after, or during the time period of the eclipse, which can lead to erratic interpolations) and thus the simple temperature difference with respect to 19 March was used.…”

Section: Calculation Of Temperature Dropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vernal equinox solar eclipse on temperature and wind direction in Switzerland

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The vernal equinox total solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 produced a maximum occultation of 65.8-70.1 % over Switzerland during the morning hours (09:22 to 11:48 CET). Skies were generally clear over the Swiss Alps due to a persistent high-pressure band between the UK and Russia associated with a rather weak pressure gradient over the continent. To assess the effects of penumbral shading on near-surface meteorology across Switzerland, air temperature data measured at 10 min intervals at 184 MeteoSwiss weather stations were used. Wind speed and direction data were available from 165 of these stations. Additionally, six Swiss FluxNet eddy covariance flux (ECF) sites provided turbulent measurements at 20 Hz resolution.During maximum occultation, the temperature drop was up to 5.8 K at a mountain site where cold air can pool in a topographic depression. The bootstrapped average of the maximum temperature drops of all 184 MeteoSwiss sites during the solar eclipse was 1.51 ± 0.02 K (mean ± SE). A detailed comparison with literature values since 1834 showed a temperature decrease of 2.6 ± 1.7 K (average of all reports), with extreme values up to 11 K. On fair weather days under weak larger-scale pressure gradients, local thermotopographic wind systems develop that are driven by smallscale pressure and temperature gradients. At one ECF site, the penumbral shading delayed the morning transition from down-valley to up-valley wind conditions. At another site, it prevented this transition from occurring at all. Data from the 165 MeteoSwiss sites measuring wind direction did not show a consistent pattern of wind direction response to the passing of the penumbral shadow. These results suggest that the local topographic setting had an important influence on the temperature drop and the wind flow patterns during the eclipse. A significant cyclonic effect of the passing penumbral shadow was found in the elevation range ≈

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Meteorological effects of the 20 March 2015 solar eclipse over the United Kingdom

Hanna

2017

Weather

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On the variability of near-surface screen temperature anomalies in the 20 March 2015 solar eclipse

Abstract: One contribution of 16 to a theme issue 'Atmospheric effects of solar eclipses stimulated by the 2015 UK eclipse' .

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

The National Eclipse Weather Experiment: an assessment of citizen scientist weather observations

The National Eclipse Weather Experiment: an assessment of citizen scientist weather observations

Effects of vernal equinox solar eclipse on temperature and wind direction in Switzerland

Meteorological effects of the 20 March 2015 solar eclipse over the United Kingdom

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