On the use of surfactants for improving nanofiller dispersion and piezoresistive response in stretchable polymer composites

Costa, P.; Maceiras, Alberto; Sebastián, María San; García‐Astrain, Clara; Vilas, José Luis; Lanceros‐Méndez, S.

doi:10.1039/c8tc03829e

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Polymer-based composites with appropriate electrical conductivity can show electrical resistance variation proportional to the mechanical stimulus applied to the composite, increasing the resistance while the samples are stressed and decreasing when sample recovers to the initial deformation (Figure 9A). Nevertheless, there was an initial reduction of the electrical resistance with the number of loading cycles, suggesting a rearrangement of the conductive network with deformation—a typical electromechanical behavior of elastomeric polymer composites [16,31,37]. It has been shown that after some aging cycles the mechanical and electrical signals tend to stabilize, leading to materials with a stable electromechanical response that is suitable for applications [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to geometry and nanofiller agglomerations, composites with nanocarbonaceous fillers need well-controlled manufacturing processes in order to obtain composites with homogeneous and uniform overall properties [12]. Homogeneous nanofiller distribution and dispersion within the polymer matrices also depend on the fillers (van der Waals interactions and geometry) [6,13,14], polymer type [13,15], or surfactant [13,16] incorporation into the composite, as well as on the processing method, as already discussed [13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonaceous Filler Type and Content Dependence of the Physical-Chemical and Electromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Composites

et al. 2019

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Graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and carbon nanofibers (CNF) are the most studied nanocarbonaceous fillers for polymer-based composite fabrication due to their excellent overall properties. The combination of thermoplastic elastomers with excellent mechanical properties (e.g., styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS)) and conductive nanofillers such as those mentioned previously opens the way to the preparation of multifunctional materials for large-strain (up to 10% or even above) sensor applications. This work reports on the influence of different nanofillers (CNT, CNF, and graphene) on the properties of a SEBS matrix. It is shown that the overall properties of the composites depend on filler type and content, with special influence on the electrical properties. CNT/SEBS composites presented a percolation threshold near 1 wt.% filler content, whereas CNF and graphene-based composites showed a percolation threshold above 5 wt.%. Maximum strain remained similar for most filler types and contents, except for the largest filler contents (1 wt.% or more) in graphene (G)/SEBS composites, showing a reduction from 600% for SEBS to 150% for 5G/SEBS. Electromechanical properties of CNT/SEBS composite for strains up to 10% showed a gauge factor (GF) varying from 2 to 2.5 for different applied strains. The electrical conductivity of the G and CNF composites at up to 5 wt.% filler content was not suitable for the development of piezoresistive sensing materials. We performed thermal ageing at 120 °C for 1, 24, and 72 h for SEBS and its composites with 5 wt.% nanofiller content in order to evaluate the stability of the material properties for high-temperature applications. The mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of SEBS and the composites were identical to those of pristine composites, but the electrical conductivity decreased by near one order of magnitude and the GF decreased to values between 0.5 and 1 in aged CNT/SEBS composites. Thus, the materials can still be used as large-deformation sensors, but the reduction of both electrical and electromechanical response has to be considered.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonaceous Filler Type and Content Dependence of the Physical-Chemical and Electromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Composites

et al. 2019

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“…SNs/polyester nanocomposites have gained great concern due to their excellent performance and large application potential. The dispersion of SNs in polyester matrix is the key parameter determining final performances of the composite materials [147,148]. To date, three methods can achieve good dispersion of fillers in polyester [149,150], including physical blending, sol-gel processes, and in situ polymerization, which will be introduced in detail as follows.…”

Section: Processing Methods Of Sns/polyester Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Applications of Silica Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Modifiers for High Performance Polyester Composites

et al. 2021

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Nano-modification of polyester has become a research hotspot due to the growing demand for high-performance polyester. As a functional carrier, silica nanoparticles show large potential in improving crystalline properties, enhancing strength of polyester, and fabricating fluorescent polyester. Herein, we briefly traced the latest literature on synthesis of silica modifiers and the resultant polyester nanocomposites and presented a review. Firstly, we investigated synthesis approaches of silica nanoparticles for modifying polyester including sol-gel and reverse microemulsion technology, and their surface modification methods such as grafting silane coupling agent or polymer. Then, we summarized processing technics of silica-polyester nanocomposites, like physical blending, sol-gel processes, and in situ polymerization. Finally, we explored the application of silica nanoparticles in improving crystalline, mechanical, and fluorescent properties of composite materials. We hope the work provides a guideline for the readers working in the fields of silica nanoparticles as well as modifying polyester.

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“…[18] Disadvantages of CNT are the various chiralities, diameters, lengths and impurities, as well as aggregation during their processability. [18,19] Therefore, the outstanding properties of the CNT cannot yet be fully translated to the corresponding polymer composites. [18] Chemical modifications in CNT can decrease their aggregations and improve CNT-polymer affinity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Piezoresistive Polymer‐Composites Based on Polycarbonate and Polylactic Acid for Deformation Sensing Applications

Dios

Gonzalo

Tubío

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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Multifunctional composites for deformation sensing applications have been developed by solvent casting based on polycarbonate (PC) and polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT). Composites shows homogeneous filler dispersion and low percolation threshold at 0.1 and 0.06 wt% CNT content for PLA and PC, respectively. The maximum electrical conductivity obtained for the larger filler contents is two order of magnitude higher for PLA composites than for PC ones, showing that the matrix influences the electrical properties of the composites. With respect to the mechanical characteristics, the samples show a maximum strain near 40% and 2.75% for composites with 0.25 and 1 wt% CNT content for PC and PLA, respectively, decreasing for larger filler contents. Concerning the piezoresistive response, 4‐point‐bending experiments from 0.1 to 5 mm, lead to a Gauge Factor (GF) of ≈1 for PC, showing that the piezoresistive response if determined by the geometrical response. On the other hand, PLA composites show GF of ≈3, revealing also intrinsic contributions, due to the variation of the filler network upon material deformation. The resistance variation upon mechanical bending deformation shows linear response for the composites near the percolation threshold and above, for both composites. A proof‐of‐concept of the functional sensing response for applications is achieved by measuring the bending deformation of an endoscope, showing that the developed sensors can determine the bending orientation and intensity, as predicted by the simulation model applied to the endoscope.

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On the use of surfactants for improving nanofiller dispersion and piezoresistive response in stretchable polymer composites

Abstract: Conducting polymer composites are increasingly investigated for the development of piezoresistive materials for sensor applications due to their outstanding electromechanical properties.

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Carbonaceous Filler Type and Content Dependence of the Physical-Chemical and Electromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Composites

Carbonaceous Filler Type and Content Dependence of the Physical-Chemical and Electromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Composites

Emerging Applications of Silica Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Modifiers for High Performance Polyester Composites

Functional Piezoresistive Polymer‐Composites Based on Polycarbonate and Polylactic Acid for Deformation Sensing Applications

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