Two 3D-hybrid monolithic
catalysts containing immobilized copper
and palladium species on a silica support were synthesized by 3D printing
and a subsequent surface functionalization protocol. The resulting
3D monoliths provided a structure with pore sizes around 300 μm,
high mechanical strength, and easy catalyst recyclability. The devices
were designed to perform heterogeneous multicatalytic multicomponent
reactions (MMCRs) based on a copper alkyne–azide cycloaddition
(CuAAC) + palladium catalyzed cross-coupling (PCCC) strategy, which
allowed the rapid assembly of variously substituted 1,2,3-triazoles
using a mixture of tBuOH/H2O as solvent. The reusable multicatalytic
system developed in this work is an example of a practical miniaturized
and compartmental heterogeneous 3D-printed metal catalyst to perform
MMCRs for solution chemistry.
This work reports on magnetoelectric biomaterials suitable for effective proliferation and differentiation of myoblast in a biomimetic microenvironment providing the electromechanical stimuli associated with this tissue in the human body. Magnetoelectric films are obtained by solvent casting through the combination of a piezoelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro-ethylene), and magnetostrictive particles (CoFe 2 O 4 ). The nonpoled and poled (with negative and positive surface charge) magnetoelectric composites are used to investigate their influence on C2C12 myoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. It is demonstrated that the proliferation and differentiation of the cells are enhanced by the application of mechanical and/or electrical stimulation, with higher values of maturation index under mechanoelectrical stimuli. These results show that magnetoelectric cell stimulation is a full potential approach for skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications.
Polymer composites
comprising the ionic liquid (IL) [Bmim][FeCl4] and poly(vinylidene
fluoride) (PVDF) have been developed
for humidity sensing applications. Different IL contents (5, 10, and
20 wt %) were incorporated into the PVDF matrix and the morphological,
physical–chemical and electrical properties of the composites
evaluated, together with their humidity sensitivity response. Higher
IL contents (20 wt %) induce a porous morphology in the composites.
Further, IL incorporation leads to the crystallization of PVDF in
the electroactive β phase, which content increases with the
incorporation of IL into the polymer. The thermal stability of the
composites decreases with increasing IL content. The humidity sensing
response of the composites was evaluated with relative humidity variations
from 35 to 90%. It is shown that all composites exhibit a linear resistance
variation with the relative humidity, the sensitivity to humidity
variations increasing linearly with the IL content. The developed
materials show a strong potentiality for printable humidity sensors.
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