On the Use of LoRaWAN for the Monitoring and Control of Distributed Energy Resources in a Smart Campus

Abstract

The application of the most recent advances of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology to the automation of buildings is emerging as a promising solution to achieve greater efficiencies in energy consumption, and to allow the realization of sustainable models. The application of IoT has been demonstrated as effective in many fields, such as confirmed, for instance, by the Industry 4.0 concepts, which are revolutionizing modern production chains. By following this approach, the use of distributed control architectures and of IoT technologies (both wired and wireless) would result in effective solutions for the management of smart environments composed of groups of buildings, such as campuses. In this case, heterogeneous IoT solutions are typically adopted to satisfy the requirements of the very diverse possible scenarios (e.g., indoor versus outdoor coverage, mobile versus fixed nodes, just to mention a few), making their large-scale integration cumbersome. To cope with this issue, this paper presents an IoT architecture able to transparently manage different communication protocols in smart environments, and investigates its possible application for the monitoring and control of distributed energy resources in a smart campus. In particular, a use–case focused on the integration of the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology is considered to cope with heterogeneous indoor and outdoor communication scenarios. The feasibility analysis of the proposed solution is carried out by computing the scalability limits of the approach, based on the proposed smart campus data model. The results of the study showed that the proposed solution would be able to manage more than 10,000 nodes. An experimental validation of the LoRaWAN technology confirms its suitability in terms of coverage and latency, with a minimum LoRaWAN cell coverage range of 250 m, and a communication latency of about 400 ms. Finally, the advantages of the proposed solution in the supervision and management of a PV system are highlighted in a real-world scenario.

Interdisciplinarily Exploring the Most Potential IoT Technology Determinants in the Omnichannel E-Commerce Purchasing Decision-Making Processes

“…Behavioral Intentions to Use (TAM & Purchasing Process Measurements) in TAM model-In view of the three purchasing-decision modes, the decision process of the EZBM model was distinctly represented as the behavioral intentions to use of TAM model. These criteria are Problem Recognition ("PR"), Information Search ("IS"), Alternative Evaluation ("AE"), Purchasing Choice ("PC"), Decisive Outcome ("DO"), Purchasing with Satisfaction ("PWS"), Purchasing with Non-satisfaction ("PWNS") and Brand Comprehension ("BC") [52][53][54] of IoT technological features [55][56][57][58].…”

Integration of Smart Grid Resources into Generation and Transmission Planning Using an Interval-Stochastic Model

“…From this, a reasonable inference can be made that, in 2024, approximately 1.4 to 3.6 million EVs will be integrated into Korean power systems. In scenario (3) and (4), the EV is assumed as the classic EV which can only charge from the grid. To obtain an hourly charging load, it is assumed that EV charges 8.7 kWh in a day on average with a 2.3 kW converter, therefore, they charge for 4 hours per day on average.…”

“…The studies for integrating new energy resources have been conducted. An open source-based hardware platform [2] and monitoring, control system was developed [3,4]. While digitalizing the power grid, a secure authentication for new energy sources was also studied [5].…”

Priority-Based Bandwidth Management in Virtualized Software-Defined Networks

“…The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought significant benefits to several application scenarios, such as smart cities [1,2] and smart homes [3][4][5], smart metering [6], robotics [7,8], healthcare [9][10][11], and energy management systems [12]. Moreover, the introduction of IoT in industrial environments, i.e., the so-called Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) [13][14][15], plays a key role in the Industry 4.0 context where a large number of different kinds of devices cooperate over a heterogeneous communication network [16,17].…”